长江中下游早熟棉产量构成及农艺性状研究

Study on Yield Components and Agronomic Characters of Early Maturing Cotton in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

为了探明长江中下游地区高产早熟棉的产量构成及农艺性状,以参加2018-2020年江西省棉花区域试验的30个早熟棉品种(系)为材料,通过方差分析对不同产量类型早熟棉的主要农艺性状进行研究。结果表明,高产类型早熟棉具有单株成铃多、霜前花率高、较高的单铃重和衣分等特点;高产类型早熟棉生育期90~100 d,霜前.花率96%以上,单株成铃12~17个,铃重4.5~5.5 g,衣分40%以上,子指10~11 g,株高110~120 cm,果枝数12~15个,始果枝节位5~7节;出苗情况及外形特征与早熟棉产量类型的划分无明显相关;随时间推移,抗黄萎病早熟棉品种数量增加,而抗枯萎病品种数量无明显变化。研究结果可为长江中下游棉区早熟棉品种的选育及高产栽培提供理论依据。

In order to find out the yield components and agronomic characters of high yield and Early Maturity Cotton in the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River. A total of 30 early maturing cotton varieties(lines) from 2018 to 2020 in Jiangxi Province were used as the materials to study the main agronomic traits of different yield types of early maturing cotton through variance analysis. The results showed that high yield early maturing cotton had the characteristics like more bolls per plant, higher flowering rate before frost, higher boll weight and lint percentage. The growth period of high-yield early maturing cotton was 90-100 d, the flowering rate before frost was more than 96%,the bolls per plant was 12-17,the boll weight was 4.5-5.5 g, the lint percentage was more than 40%,the seed index was 10-11 g, the plant height was 110-120 cm, the number of fruit branches was 12-15,and the node position of the first fruit branch was 5-7. There was no significant correlation between the phenotypic characteristics and the classification of early maturing cotton yield types. As the number of early maturing cotton varieties resistant to verticillium wilt increased, the number of varieties resistant to Fusarium wilt did not change significantly. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and high yield cultivation of early maturing cotton varieties in the middle and low reaches of the Yangtze River.