抚慰灵魂 追寻意义——论俄国文学的“童年叙事”

The Comfort of the Soul and the Pursuit of Meaning: On “Childhood Narration” in Russian Literature

童年是人生的初始阶段和永恒的心灵状态,具有独特的文学意义和审美价值,成为俄罗斯作家反复吟咏的对象。"童年叙事"是作家从现实当下出发,调动记忆对童年进行回溯、判断、考辨所形成的叙事。俄国文学的"童年叙事"勾勒出一幅俄罗斯民族风情画长卷与民族心理解剖图,具有丰富的文学内蕴:对个体生命过往的追怀、人生意义的思索,对集体生命的复现、时代语境的微缩,诉诸心灵的沉湎、精神"彼岸"的构筑,是为个人情致与集体记忆的有机融合,隐现着"乌托邦"理想与精神"彼岸"。作品的关注面虽各不相同,但最终都走向了灵魂的抚慰、意义的追寻。

Childhood is the initial stage of life and an eternal state of mind.As a leitmotif in Russian literature,it has unique literary significance and aesthetic value."Childhood narrative"is a narrative formed by the writer from their present reality,mobilizing memory to trace,scrutinize and reflect upon childhood.The"childhood narrative"in Russian literature makes its mark on Russian customs and on the national psyche.The"childhood narrative"has rich literary connotations,encompassing recollection of an individual past,contemplation of the meaning of life,representation of collective life,an encapsulation of history,an appeal to the soul,and a construction of the spiritual"other shore".Such narratives organically interpolate individual sentiment with collective memory,with the utopian ideal and the spiritual"other shore"looming behind.Although such works focus on different aspects,they all eventually arrive at the comfort of the soul and the pursuit of meaning.