城市社区居家养老服务资源整合的路径研究——以广州“3+X”模式为例

Research on the Path of Resource Integration of the Urban Communities-Home Care for Elderly:Take the “3+X” Model of Guangzhou as an Example

“碎片化”的社区居家养老服务难以满足城市老年人多方面、高质量的需求,以整合社区居家养老服务资源为抓手,实施养老服务综合改革是破解居家养老服务供需矛盾的有效路径。广州“3+X”模式以“大配餐”为突破口,优化社区居家养老服务资源配置,搭建一体化社区居家养老服务共建共享机制。但是,老龄化社会政策不健全、社区居家养老服务性质定位不清、资源的地域限制、公共资源垄断等因素制约着城市社区居家养老服务资源的整合。要实现城市社区居家养老服务资源整合提质增效,就要以积极老龄化和整体性治理理论为基础,厘清社区居家养老服务与公共事务的边界、各级政府与社会力量的责任,完善及整合涉老助残政策及设施,推动精准养老;强化省、市、区、街协调能力,制定统一的社区居家养老服务引导政策和支持措施,减少因政策而产生的区域不平等和过度竞争,破解公共资源垄断;以“公益银行”为平台,搭建助老共同体,推动社区居家养老服务从他助转向互助、自助。

It is difficult for the fragmentation urban community-home care to meet the various and high-quality needs of the elderly.Taking the integration of community home-based care service resources as the starting point,and implementing the comprehensive reform of care service is an effective way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of home-based care service.“Big catering”,a breakthrough of the“3+X”mode in Guangzhou,is optimizing the allocation of community home care service resources and building an integrated community home care service co-construction and sharing mechanism.However,some factors such as imperfect the aging society policy,unclear nature of community-home care service,regional restrictions on resources and public resources monopoly are restricting the integration of home care service resources in urban communities.In order to achieve high quality and high performance of resource integration of urban community home-based care services,it is necessary to clarify the boundary between community home-based care services and public affairs,and the responsibilities of governments and social forces at all levels based on the theory of active aging and holistic governance,improve and integrate policies and facilities related to the elderly and disabled,and promote accurate pension.Strengthen the coordination ability of provinces,cities,districts and streets,formulate unified community home care service guidance policies and support measures,reduce regional inequality and excessive competition caused by policies,and crack the monopoly of public resources.Based on the platform of‘public welfare bank’,a community for the elderly is built to promote the transformation of community home care services from other assistance to mutual assistance and self-help.