乡土公共性建构:破解农村互助养老发展困境之道

Constructing the Rural Publicity: The Way to Solve the Development Dilemma of Rural Mutual Assistance for the Elderly

在国家公共养老服务难以全面覆盖农村和家庭养老功能严重弱化的背景下,农村社区互助养老模式应运而生。互助养老的内核是互助,公共性是其发展基础和根本动力,而现实中的公共性缺失则直接导致了互助养老的发展困境,具体表现为老年人互助意识淡薄以及村民在互助养老中参与不足。在农村改革和社会变迁的背景下,乡土公共性缺失的原因主要在于传统宗族制度衰落和村级组织凝聚村民作用弱化、村庄整合能力下降相伴随的村庄的日益原子化,而村庄的空心化与原子化相叠加,又进一步加剧了乡村的公共性危机。促进农村互助养老良性、可持续发展,必须着力培育乡土公共性,应对的具体策略包括发展社区公共事务凝聚村民、培育农村社会组织和重建乡土公共精神。加强乡土公共性建构,才能真正破解农村互助养老的发展困局,而互助养老的发展又将进一步促进乡土公共性的再生产。

Under the background of the long-term absence of the public service for the elderly and the serious weakening of family function of caring for the elderly,rural mutual pension for the elderly based on community came into being.The core of mutual assistance for the elderly is mutual assistance,and publicity is the foundation and fundamental power of its development.However,the lack of publicity in reality directly leads to the development dilemma of mutual assistance for the elderly,which is manifested in the elderly’s weak sense of mutual assistance and the insufficient participation of villagers in mutual assistance for the elderly.Under the background of rural reform and social change,the main reason for the lack of rural publicity lies in the increasingly atomization of villages accompanied by the decline of traditional clan system,the weakening of village-level organizations’function of uniting villagers and the decline of village integration ability,and the superposition of hollowing and atomization of villages further aggravates the rural publicity crisis.To promote the healthy and sustainable development of rural mutual assistance for the elderly,we must focus on cultivating rural publicity.Specific strategies include developing community public affairs to unite villagers,cultivating rural social organizations and rebuilding rural public spirit.Only by strengthening the construction of rural publicity can we truly solve the development dilemma of rural mutual assistance for the elderly,and the development of mutual assistance for the elderly will further promote the reproduction of rural publicity.