化性与正礼:《荀子》中所见的尊师作用

Guiding Personality and Correcting Propriety:The Function of Respecting Teachers in Xunzi

《荀子》中多贯穿“师”与“士”以及“教”与“学”等理念,其强调师道尊严可见一斑。书中表现出对师的极度推崇,从外在方面看,这与荀子时代纷繁的世态相关;从内在逻辑来分析,则与荀子主张的性恶论相一致。《荀子》中表明学生应该从遵师言、近老师,重师法、忠于师,积微渐化和虚壹而静等方面来尊师和捍卫师道尊严,而这在后世愈演愈烈。就《荀子》中所见的尊师作用而言,从个人修养层面可以化性起伪,在国家治理中可以正礼化俗。作为主体的师通过教授礼义法度来约束人们的行为、净化人们的心灵、矫正社会的恶俗,进而实现国治而天下平的宏愿。

The concepts of"teacher"and"Scholar",as well as"teaching"and"learning"run through in Xunzi,The book Xunzi expresses the extreme esteem for teachers,which is related to the complicated world state of Xunzi's times from the external aspect,and is consistent with Xunzi's theory of evil nature from the internal logic analysis.Xunzi shows that students should respect and defend the dignity of teachers from the following aspects:following the teacher's advice,being close to the teacher,valuing the teacher's rules,being loyal to the teacher,accumulating gradually and being empty and quiet,which is becoming more and more serious in later generations.In terms of the function of respecting teachers in Xunzi,from the level of personal cultivation,we can change our nature into hypocrisy,and we can correct the etiquette and customs in the national governance.Teachers,as the main body,restrict people's behavior,purify people's mind,correct social customs by teaching etiquette,righteousness and law,so as to realize the great wish of national governance and world peace.