2012和2018年无锡市婴儿死亡性别差异对比

Comparison of gender difference on infant mortality between 2012 and 2018 in Wuxi City

目的分析近年来江苏省无锡市婴儿死亡情况,比较男、女婴儿死亡的差异,为减少婴儿死亡发生和制定相应的政策措施提供依据。方法依据2012和2018年无锡市三级妇幼卫生网络上报的儿童死亡报告卡及各种报表,收集无锡市出生人口和婴儿死亡资料,根据出生日期和死亡日期分别将出生人口资料和婴儿死亡资料按照自然年度(1—12月)进行整理,以婴儿期(刚满1岁)为终点,采用寿命表的方法,计算男、女婴儿1岁内的预期生存天数,描述男、女婴儿死亡特征,并通过婴儿寿命表的方法评价婴儿期健康状况。结果与2012年相比,2018年无锡市男、女婴儿死亡率均下降,但新生儿早期死亡的比例上升;男婴死亡率高于女婴,死亡性别模式发生偏离;无锡市男、女婴儿1岁内期望寿命分别增长2.7 d和2.0 d,男婴期望寿命赶超女婴;男、女婴儿死亡主要原因均为新生儿疾病和先天异常,意外伤害和肺炎占比较前增加。结论为改善无锡市婴儿健康,降低婴儿死亡率,需进一步加强孕产期保健,减少早产、低出生体重、先天异常等不良出生结局的发生,提升危重病例救治能力,提高救治成功率。

Objective To analyze the infant mortality,to compare gender differences in Wuxi City in recent years and to explore the intervention measures for reducing infant mortality.MethodsAccording to the child death report cards and reports reported by Wuxi Third-level Maternal and child Health network in 2012 and 2018,the data of birth population and infant death in Wuxi were collected.The data of birth population and infant death were sorted out according to the natural year(From January to December).The life table method was used to calculate the expected survival days of male and female infants within one year,describe the death characteristics of male and female infants,and evaluate the infant health status.ResultsThe mortality rate of male and female infants declined in 2018 compared to 2012,while the proportion of deaths in early neonates increased.The male infant mortality rate was higher than that of female,and the gender pattern of death deviated.The life expectancy of male and female infants in Wuxi increased by 2.7 days and 2.0 days respectively,and the life expectancy of male infants surpassed the female.The main causes of death among male and female infants are neonatal diseases and congenital anomalies,and the proportion of accidental injuries and pneumonia is increased compared to 2018.ConclusionIn order to improve the health of infants and reduce infant mortality in Wuxi City,it is necessary to further strengthen maternal health care,reduce the occurrence of premature birth,low birth weight,congenital anomalies,and other adverse birth outcomes,improve the ability to treat critical cases,and improve the success rate of treatment.