北京市建筑设计产业空间分布与区位选择

Spatial Distribution and Location Selection of Architectural Design Industry in Beijing

超大城市的城市空间结构调整需求日益迫切,城市内细分产业的空间分布及区位选择的研究也变得更加重要。以北京市为例,从微观视角分析了超大城市内部企业空间分布规律,以期为城市优化建筑设计产业空间结构提供理论支撑。运用核密度估计方法、Ripley’s K(d)函数以及负二项模型,分析了建筑设计企业的空间分布及其区位选择的影响因素。结果表明:(1)服务型建筑设计企业集中分布在北京市五环内的中心城区;工程型建筑设计企业选址郊区化明显。(2)服务型建筑设计企业的集聚尺度较工程型更大,不同细分行业的工程型建筑设计企业集聚尺度存在差异。(3)建筑设计企业在选址时受到政策、服务设施、运营成本、信息通达度和产业基础的影响,不同类型企业选址时的侧重点不同。与大规模企业相比,中小规模企业受成本要素的影响更大。与服务型建筑设计企业相比,工程型建筑设计企业受到政策的影响大。(4)选址在中心城区的建筑设计企业对服务设施和信息通达度等要素更为敏感,城郊的企业则主要受到成本要素和交通基础设施的影响。

With the increasingly urgent demand for the adjustment of the urban spatial structure of megacities,the research on the spatial distribution and location selection of specific industries in cities becomes more and more important. This paper takes Beijing as an example and analyzes the location of enterprises from a micro perspective to understand their distribution rules, which provides important theoretical support for optimizing the urban spatial structure. This paper uses the kernel density estimation method, Ripley’s K(d) function, and the negative binomial model to analyze the spatial distribution of enterprises and the influencing factors of location selection. We found that: 1) From the perspective of spatial distribution, service-oriented architectural design enterprises are concentrated within the fifth ring road(central area). Construction-oriented enterprises appear in the suburban area. 2) The agglomeration scale of service-oriented architectural design enterprises is larger than that of engineering enterprises, and the agglomeration scale of engineering architectural design enterprises in sub-sector industries is different. 3)Architectural design enterprises are affected by policies, service facilities, operating costs, information accessibility and industrial base when they choose the location. And different types of enterprises have different preference. Compared with large-scale enterprises, small and mediumsized enterprises are more affected by the cost factors. And the Engineering architectural design enterprises are greatly affected by policies than the service-oriented firms. 4) Architectural design enterprises located in the central city are more sensitive to service facilities and information accessibility, while suburban enterprises are mainly affected by cost factors and transportation infrastructure.