吉林省村域尺度下居民点空间分布特征及优化重组模式

Spatial Distribution and Optimized Reconstructing Mode of Rural Settlement at the Village Scale of Jilin Province

乡村聚落的空间优化与重构是提高土地资源利用效率,改善农村生产生活条件,促进乡村可持续发展的重要手段。以吉林省为例,采用核密度估计方法和景观形状指数分析了农村居民点空间分布特征,基于农户调查数据估算了吉林省不同区域的农村宅基地闲置情况,将农村居民点长期存在的"破碎化"和日益突出的"空心化"相结合,提出了在行政村尺度下农村居民点优化重组的"整小填大"新模式。结果表明:(1)吉林省农村居民点规模小且零散分布,尤其中部呈破碎化分布,形态不规则,具有较大的整治潜力;(2)吉林省农村宅基地平均闲置率为18.32%,西部地区最高(24.48%),分别高于东部和中部地区约6%和12%;(3)"整小填大"模式可使农村居民点数量减少44.6%,增加有效耕地面积1046.66 km^(2)。

The spatial optimization and reconstruction of rural settlements is an important means to enhance the utilization efficiency of land resources,to improve rural production and living conditions and to promote the sustainable development of rural areas.Taking Jilin Province in Northeast China as an example,we analyzed the spatial characteristics of rural settlements using kernel density estimation method and landscape shape index,estimated vacancy rate of rural housing land in different regions based on peasant household survey data and piloted a new optimization and reconstruction mode of"Reclaiming small to fill large"at a village scale driven by the increasingly prominent rural hollowing and long-standing fragmented layout.Results indicated that rural settlements were generally smaller and had a relatively sparse distribution in Jilin Province especially in central Jilin,which had a high density of small settlements with irregular morphologies,and thus had a high potential for consolidation.Second,The average vacancy rate of rural housing land was 18.32%and vacancy rate in the western Jilin was high(24.48%),followed by the eastern Jilin(18.47%)and central Jilin(12.02%).Third,our approach can decrease the number of total rural settlements by 44.6%.Moreover,it will increase the effective amount of arable land by a total of 1046.66 km^(2).This study put forward with spatial optimization and reconstruction idea and mode of regional characteristics at the village scale.And it is an important way to increase cultivated land and enhance the intensive use level of construction land,provide feasible scientific guidance for rural land consolidation plan,coordinate rural man-land relationship and promote rural sustainable development.