火星探测器着陆过程综述

Review of the landing Process of Mars Probe

随着航天科技的发展,人类对于火星的探测越来越深入。而在火星探测的过程中,探测器着陆是一个关键环节。本文以火星探测器的着陆为研究重点,首先介绍了着陆过程,包括大气进入、降落伞减速、动力减速及缓冲着陆四个阶段。而后分析了由于地火距离遥远、火星大气稀薄及火星表面环境复杂等问题造成的着陆过程的难点。最后,针对这些难点,概括了着陆过程中使用的关键技术。

With the development of space science and technology, the exploration of Mars is more and more deeply. In the process of Mars exploration, Mars probe landing is a key link. This paper focuses on the landing of Mars probe. Firstly, the landing procedure is introduced, which includes four stages: atmospheric entry, parachute deceleration, power deceleration and cushion landing. Then, the difficulties of landing procedure which causes by the far distance between Mars and Earth, the thin atmosphere of Mars and the complex environment on the surface of Mars is analyzed. At last, key technology used in the landing procedure is summarized in view of those difficulties.