乡村中青年教师流动的场域、惯习、资本作用机制研究

A Study of the Mobility of Rural Young and Middle-aged Teachers:Field,Habitus,and Capital Theory

基于场域、惯习和资本视角,采用个案研究方法对乡村易流动的中青年教师与非流动的老年教师群体进行比较。研究发现:乡村中青年教师流动受到多种因素影响,从场域角度分析,他们所受城乡二元结构影响不同;从惯习角度分析,与传统美德和等级观念淡化相关;从资本角度分析,中青年教师流动以实现资本积累与再生产为诉求。实现城乡场域深度融合、培养教师乡土情怀、引入分层激励机制、实现双向轮岗交流,是解决乡村教师流失的有效手段。

Based on the perspectives of field,habitus and capital,the method of a case study was adopted to compare young and middle-aged teachers who easily move to urban schools and elderly teachers who stay in rural schools.The result shows that the phenomenon that young and middle-aged teachers in rural schools easily move to urban schools is affected by many factors.From the field perspective,it is influenced by the urban-rural dual structure;from the habitus perspective,it is related to the weakening and rejection of traditional virtues and hierarchical concepts;from the capital perspective,it is to achieve the accumulation and reproduction of capital for young and middle-aged teachers.In order to effectively solve the teacher loss problem,we can deepen the integration of urban and rural areas,cultivate localism,introduce stratified incentive mechanism as well as realize two-way rotation of working field.