菌肥与腐熟秸秆对盐碱地土壤盐分及燕麦品质的影响

Effects of bio-fertilizer and rotten straw on soil salinity and oat quality in saline-alkaline soil

为探究有机改良措施对盐碱土壤盐分及燕麦品质的影响,于2016—2018年在内蒙古农业大学海流图盐碱试验地连续种植燕麦,调查了对照(CK)、菌肥(F)、腐熟秸秆(S)及菌肥与腐熟秸秆配施(FS) 4个处理下土壤pH、水溶性盐基离子浓度及燕麦品质的变化。结果表明,通过种植燕麦,各处理0~40 cm土壤pH、含盐量和土壤盐离子Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Na^(+)、HCO_(3)^(-)+CO_(3)^(2-)和SO_(4)^(2-)浓度逐渐降低,但土壤K^(+) 和Cl^(-) 含量增加;较2016年改良前相比,2018年CK、F、S、FS处理土壤阳离子(Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、Na^(+))总量分别降低80.22%、82.78%、78.24%、80.87%,SO_(4)^(2-)分别降低63.91%、77.87%、56.27%、80.88%,土壤K^(+) 含量分别增加142.00%、171.88%、49.65%、93.28%;连续改良3年后,2018年FS处理较对照显著提高燕麦籽粒粗蛋白含量4.04%、粗脂肪含量9.09%、K^(+) 含量6.30%及Na^(+)含量40.00%,显著提高燕麦植株粗蛋白21.26%、中性洗涤纤维含量2.09%、酸性洗涤纤维含量4.25%及K^(+) 含量71.24%,降低燕麦植株粗脂肪含量6.34%;改良过程中,与对照相比,FS处理土壤特性与燕麦品质的相关性减弱。因此,腐熟秸秆配施菌肥可有效缓减盐碱地土壤盐害,提高燕麦籽粒和饲草品质。

We explored the effects of organic amendments under continuous cropping of oat on alkali-saline soils and oat quality in the Haitu Saline-alkali Experimental Station of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University during 2016-2018. There were four treatments,including control( CK),bio-fertilizer( F),rotten straw( S),and combined bio-fertilizer and rotten straw( FS).We measured soil pH,water-soluble salt ions concentration,and oat quality. The results showed that soil pH,salt content,and the concentrations of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^(+),HCO_(3)^(-)+CO_(3)^(2-) and SO_(4)^(2-) gradually decreased,while the K^(+) and Cl^(-) contents increased in the 0-40 cm for all treatments with the increasing planting years of oats. Compared to the pre-improvement in 2016,the contents of soil cations( Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^(+)) were decreased by 80.22%,82.78%,78.24% and 80.87%,and the soil SO_(4)^(2-) contents were decreased by 63.91%,77.87%,56.27% and 80.88%,while the soil K^(+) contents were increased by 142.00%,171.88%,49.65% and 93.28% in CK,F,S,FS treatments in 2018,respectively. FS treatment significantly increased crude protein content by4.04%,increased crude fat content by 9.09%,increased K^(+) content by 6.30%,and increased Na^(+)content by 40. 00% for oat grains and significantly increased crude protein content by21.26%,neutral detergent fiber content by 2.09%,acid detergent fiber content by 4.25%,and K^(+) content by 71. 24% for oat plants. The crude fat content of oat plants was significantly decreased by 6.34% after three years of improvement. Compared to CK,the correlation between soil properties and oat quality was weakened in FS treatment during the process of improvement.Therefore,the combined application of bio-fertilizer and rotten straw could effectively relief soil salinity and improve oat grain and forage qualities on saline-alkali land.