老顶山国家级森林公园蛾类多样性

Moth diversity in Laodingshan National Forest Park

在山西省老顶山国家级森林公园内,选取针叶林、阔叶落叶林、杂木林和灌木林(火烧迹地) 4种植被类型生境,分析了蛾类的群落结构及多样性。共采集蛾类标本5515头,隶属13科136属172种,其中个体数最多的是草螟科,物种数最多的是夜蛾科。在4种生境中,蛾类种数最多的是杂木林,有139种,隶属13科108属,最少的是灌木林,有87种,隶属11科77属;夜蛾科、螟蛾科、草螟科和尺蛾科为优势科,黄绒野螟、玫歧角螟和果梢斑螟为优势种。另外,蛾类的Simpson指数、Shannon指数和Pielou均匀度指数最高的均是阔叶落叶林,最低的均是针叶林;Margalef丰富度指数最高的是杂木林,最低的是灌木林。整体来看,蛾类的Simpson指数、Shannon指数与Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数呈正相关。Jaccard相似系数和欧氏距离聚类的结果表明,灌木林内蛾类群落与其他3种生境内的蛾类群落的相似性较低。4种生境内,蛾类的种-多度曲线总的趋势趋向于对数级数分布模型,特征符合生态位优先占领假说,说明老顶山国家级森林公园蛾类群落结构不稳定,所处的生境质量较差。

We analyzed the community structure and diversity of moths in four habitats,including coniferous forest,broad-leaved deciduous forest,mixed forest,and shrubbery forest( burnedarea),in the Laodingshan National Forest Park in Shanxi Province. A total of 5515 moth individuals,consisting of 13 families,136 genera,and 172 species,were collected. Crambidae had the highest number of individuals,while Noctuidae had the highest number of species. Among the four habitats,the mixed forest had the highest moth species richness,with 139 species belonging to 13 families and 108 genera. The shrubbery forest had the lowest species richness,with 87 species belonging to 11 families and 77 genera. Noctuidae,Pyralidae,Crambidae,and Geometridae were the dominant families,while Crocidophora auratails,Endotricha portialis,and Dioryctria pryeri were the dominant species. The broad-leaved deciduous forest had the highest Simpson index,Shannon index,and Pielou evenness index,while the coniferous forest had the lowest values in these indices. The mixed forest had the highest Margalef richness index,while the shrubbery forest had the lowest. The Simpson index and Shannon index of moths were positively correlated with Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index. The Jaccard similarity coefficient and Euclidean distance clustering results showed that moth community in the shrubbery forest had a low similarity with those in the other three habitats. The species-abundance curves in all four habitats fit the logarithmic distribution model,which is in line with the niche-preemption hypothesis,indicating the instability of moth community structure and the low habitat quality in Laodingshan National Forest Park.