从《鲁斯兰与柳德米拉》看民间文学对俄罗斯文学的发展

Folklore in Pushkin’s Long Poem Ruslan and Lyudmila as the Basis for the Development of Russian Literature

1820年问世的长诗《鲁斯兰与柳德米拉》,标志着普希金诗歌创作和俄罗斯文学在整体上的重要转型。普希金转向俄罗斯民间文学、理解其审美价值和艺术价值,实际上打破了自10世纪在罗斯出现文字起就存在的民间文学与高雅文学之藩篱。长诗中使用了魔幻童话的结构、史诗歌曲的形式,展现了俄罗斯人民的特殊幻想世界和双重信仰的神话讲述。得益于长诗《鲁斯兰与柳德米拉》,民间文学进入了民族精英的阅读视野,并用文雅的方式讴歌了"俄罗斯力量"的英雄事迹。长诗推动了19世纪俄罗斯民族文学的发展,增强了俄罗斯人民的民族精神。

The long poem Ruslan and Lyudmila, published in 1820, marked important changes in Pushkin’s poetic work and in Russian literature in general. Pushkin’s appeal to Russian folklore, understanding of its aesthetic and artistic value, actually led to the destruction of the border between oral literature and elegant literature, which existed in Russia since the advent of writing in the X century. The long poem uses the structure of fairy tales and the form of epic songs, mythological stories that revealed the special fantasy world of the Russian people and the nature of their double-belief. Thanks to the long poem Ruslan and Lyudmila, which glorifies the heroism of the "Russian power" in an exquisite form, folklore has fallen into the reading circle of the national elite. The long poem contributed to the development of the national literature of the 19 th century and the strengthening of the national spirit of the Russian people.