不同覆膜材料对李园土壤温湿度及李生长发育和果实品质的影响

Effects of Different Mulching Materials on Soil Temperature and Humidity, Growth and Fruit Quality of Plum

以"矮甜李"二年生幼苗和十年生中龄树为研究对象,分别设计黑色园艺地布、黑色塑料膜、透明塑料膜3种不同材料覆膜处理,以清耕作为对照,研究了不同覆膜材料对李园土壤温度、含水量的影响,以及各处理对幼苗成活率、中龄树坐果率、生长量及果实品质的影响。结果表明:"矮甜李"二年生幼苗栽植区,透明塑料膜对0~25 cm各土层土壤温度及土壤含水量提高最大,显著提高了二年生幼苗的栽植成活率。十年生李树区,在李生长前期(6月10日前),园艺地布的增温效果低于黑色、透明塑料膜,但随着日期的增加,园艺地布的增温效果逐渐提高,最终与黑色、透明塑料膜基本持平。园艺地布、透明塑料膜处理李坐果率分别高出对照组29.32%和14.51%,3个处理对李树枝条、叶片、果实生长量均有不同程度的促进作用,不同覆膜材料处理提高了果实糖、维生素C和可溶性固形物含量,降低了果实可滴定酸含量,其中,园艺地布处理总糖含量最高,显著高于对照组,3个处理的可溶性固形物含量分别高出对照组13.04%、1.63%和8.39%。综合各性状表现,透明塑料膜对提高幼苗栽植成活率效果最佳,黑色园艺地布和透明塑料膜均能有效提高李坐果率、生长量,改善果实品质。

Two-year-old seedlings and ten-year-old middle-aged trees of ‘Aitian Plums’ were taken as research objects, the ground mulching materials were black horticultural fabric, black plastic film and transparent plastic film, no-mulching as a control.The effects of different mulching materials on soil temperature and water content, as well as the effects of various treatments on survival rate of seedlings and fruit setting rate, growth and fruit quality of middle-aged trees were studied.The results showed that in the planting area of the two-year-old seedlings, the transparent plastic film had the greatest increase in soil temperature and soil water content of 0-25 cm soil layers, which significantly increased the survival rate of two-year-old seedlings.In the ten-year-old plum tree area, in the early stage of plum growth(before June 10th),the warming effect of horticultural fabric was lower than that of black and transparent plastic film, but with the increase of date, the warming effect of horticultural fabric gradually increased, and finally it was basically the same as black and transparent plastic film.The fruit setting rate of horticultural fabric and transparent plastic film treatment was 29.32% and 14.51% higher than that of the control group.The three treatments promoted the growth of plum branches, leaves, and fruits to varying degrees, and the treatment with different mulching materials increased the content of fruit sugar, vitamin C and soluble solids, and the content of titratable acid in the fruit was reduced.Among them, the total sugar content of the horticultural fabric treatment was the highest, which was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the soluble solids content of the three treatments were higher than that of the control group 13.04%,1.63% and 8.39%.According to the performance of various traits, transparent plastic film has the best effect on improving the survival rate of seedlings.Both black horticultural fabric and transparent plastic film can effectively increase the fruit rate, growth of plum and improve the quality of fruits.