判断系词“是”的辩证法含义——以辩证法、认识论与逻辑学的统一为视角

On the Dialectic Meaning of Copula “is” in Judgment:From the Perspective of the Unity of Dialectics, Epistemology and Logic

在基本判断形式“S是P”中,作为系词的“是”是判断的核心,但也是最难以理解的,不同的逻辑学家对“是”进行了不同的解释,众说纷纭,莫衷一“是”。一方面,本文从辩证法-认识论-逻辑学相统一的视角探讨判断系词“是”的内涵,站在马克思主义认识论与唯物辩证法的高度俯瞰系词“是”,超出了逻辑学窠臼,拓宽了“是”的真理含义。另一方面,本文从马克思主义反映论与实践论立场,批判了黑格尔逻辑主义、逻辑经验主义、逻辑先验主义对“是”的片面的狭隘理解,论证了判断的本质及其系词“是”的辩证法含义。从矛盾律的“或是或否”发展到“又是又否”的矛盾论具有客观必然性,矛盾论才是支配整个现实现世与社会生活的根本规律。

In the basic form of judgment“S is P”,copula“is”is the core of judgment,but it is also the most difficult to understand.Different logicians have different interpretations of“is”,and different opinions are unanimous on“is”.On the one hand,this paper studies the meaning of the copula“is”in judgment from the perspective of the unity of dialectics,epistemology and logic.Standing on the height of Marxist epistemology and materialist dialectics,it goes beyond the logic paradigm and broadens the truth meaning of“is”.On the other hand,from the standpoint of Marxist theory of reflection and practice,this paper criticizes the one-sided and narrow understanding of copula“is”by Hegel’s logicalism,logical empiricism and logical Transcendentalism,and demonstrates the essence of judgment and the dialectical meaning of its copula“is”.The development from the law of contradiction to the theory of contradiction of Marxism has objective inevitability,and the contradiction of Marxism is the fundamental law that governs the whole real world and social life.