王阳明文明书院讲学史实考辨——以席书致王阳明系列书简为中心

Research on Wang Yangming’s Teaching Facts in Wenming Academy——An Analysis Centered on A Series of Letters by Xi Shu to Wang Yangming

“贵阳讲学”是阳明心学的重要形成期,在阳明心学形成史上与“龙场悟道”占有同等重要的地位。然而,先学有关王阳明贵阳讲学的这一段史实语焉不详,且互有龃龉。《元山文选》所收席书致王阳明系列书简和《送别阳明王先生序》述及王阳明在贵阳文明书院讲学的历史细节,这批文札可证:正德三年(1508年)夏至正德四年(1509年)四月这一时段内阳明曾一度应毛科之邀讲学于贵阳文明书院;正德四年(1509年)闰九月至同年十二月,阳明受席书邀请再度莅文明书院执教;文明书院是席书与王阳明相识相知的主要平台,两人在对“举业之学”的态度及《春秋》宗旨之理解等方面有颇多契合,在文明书院讲学期间王阳明还与席书就朱陆异同之辨、知行合一等论题进行了思想交流。

The period of teaching in Guiyang is very important in the formation process of Wang Yangming’s philosophical system.However,the related historical records about Wang Yangming’s activities in Wenming academy in Guiyang are too deficient to make clear the detailed facts.Yuan Shan Anthology(《元山文选》)written by Xi Shu(席书)who had ever been the official in charge of Guiyang’s education.Yuan Shan Anthology contains five letters and one article written by Xi Shu for Wang Yangming.These letters and document cover the historical details of Wang Yangming’s teaching in Wenming Academy of Guiyang,and show:During some period between the summer of 1508 and April of 1509,Wang Yangming was invited by Mao Ke to give lectures in Wenming Academy of Guiyang.From leap September in 1509 to December in 1509,Wang Yangming accepted the invitation by Xi Shu to teach in Wenming Academy for the second time.Wenming Academy is the main platform for Xi Shu and Wang Yangming to know each other.During this period,the two scholars both hold similar attitude toward the imperial examination and identical views on the purpose of Spring and Autumn Annals.Besides,they exchanged their ideas on Lu Jiuyuan’s philosophy and the theory of the unity of knowledge and action.