新语汇进入近代旧体诗的两条途径及其书写模式变迁

Two Ways in Which New Vocabulary Entered Old-style Poetry in Recent History and the Transition of Its Writing Modes

进入近代旧体诗的新语汇主要有表示具体物体的“新名物语汇”和表示抽象知识的“新概念语汇”两种。前者主要通过“从下至上”的路径进入中国诗歌,开始主要在下层文人的诗中作为被介绍的主题出现,后来则能在革新派诗人笔下作为诗歌文本的构成单位,也可在传统诗人的作品中充当背景。后者则主要通过“从上至下”的路径,最早在少部分能够接触到相关知识的中上层知识分子的正式作品中被使用,而后来却被作为各种以普及为目的的通俗诗体的主题。这种不同是由语汇性质、诗体特征、创作者的认知程度以及主观态度共同决定的。两类新语汇的进入让近代旧体诗有了独特的文学史意义,也对此后的白话新诗及其他文学艺术形式产生了一定的影响。

New vocabulary entered Chinese Old-style Poetry in recent history can be divided into two kinds. One is "New Name Vocabulary"which refers to concrete things and the other is "New Concept Vocabulary" which refers to abstract knowledge. "New Name Vocabulary"was successively used as the theme of common poems like folk songs, the unit to build a poem by progressive poets and the background of a poem by conservative poets. "New Concept Vocabulary" was successively used in the poems by minor poets who could be informed with relevant knowledge and in the common poems in order to spread relevant knowledge. These two different ways is decided by vocabulary’s properties, the feature of different kinds of poem, the cognition and attitude of authors. The fact that these two kinds of vocabulary entered Chinese Old-style Poetry made Chinese Old-style Poetry in recent history unique, and it also impacted on New-style Poetry and other forms of art.