构树提取物的营养生理功能及构树营养价值研究进展

Research Progress on Physiological Functions of Broussonetia papyrifera Extract and Nutritional Value of Broussonetia Papyrifera

构树为桑科构属,其皮、茎、叶、果实和根部位含有生物碱、黄酮类、木脂素类、萜类挥发油类等多种化学成分,具有抗氧化、抗菌、增强免疫力、抗病毒等功效;构树粗蛋白质含量平均值为21.8%,粗脂肪与粗纤维分别为5.9%和11.5%,其营养价值可与具有"牧草之王"美誉的苜蓿相媲美。杂交构树粗蛋白质含量可高达26%,是一种富含蛋白、钙、铁的优质饲料原料,杂交构树经过发酵处理后有利于提高蛋白质含量,降低粗纤维和抗营养因子含量。文章综述了构树不同部位提取物的成分及营养生理功能与构树的营养价值,以期为构树作为新型蛋白质资源的开发利用提供指导。

Broussonetia papyrifera belongs to the mulberry family.The extracts from bark,stem,leaf,fruit and root of Broussonetia papyrifera contain flavonoids,lignans,terpenes,alkaloids and volatile oils,which have the functions of anti-oxidation,anti-bacterial,strengthening immunity and anti-virus.The average content of crude protein in Broussonetia papyrifera was 21.8%,crude fat and crude fiber were 5.9%and 11.5%,respectively,which could be compared with alfalfa as the king of herbage.The crude protein con⁃tent of hybrid Broussonetia papyrifera could reach 26%,which was a good feed material rich in protein,calcium and iron.As the roughage of ruminant,Broussonetia papyrifera could improve the production per⁃formance of ruminant.The results showed that the content of crude protein was increased and the con⁃tents of crude fiber and anti nutritional factors were decreased after fermentation.In this paper,the com⁃ponents and nutritional physiological functions of extracts from different parts of Broussonetia papyrifera and the nutritional value of Broussonetia papyrifera were reviewed,so as to provide guidances for the cur⁃rent development and utilization of Broussonetia papyrifera as a new protein forage resource.