社会认知职业理论视角下的学校生涯教育审视

Research on the Deficiency and Countermeasures of School Career Education from the Perspective of Social Cognitive Career Theory

生涯教育是学校教育的重要组成部分,当前教学实践中呈现出学生生涯教育缺失的现象。调查得出,学生生涯教育缺失主要体现在:同质化对待导致生涯教育供需失衡,环境资源不充分影响生涯目标达成,“流程化式”培养抑制兴趣多样化,客观理性教育抑制自我效能提升。基于此,结合社会认知职业理论,学校应该进行个性化生涯教育辅导,充分挖掘环境中资源支持,探索培养多元化生涯兴趣,评估提升学生自我效能感,为学生的职业观塑造、职场力培养提供更加科学有效的帮助。

Career education is an important part of school education.However,at present,there seems to be a lack of career education in teaching practice.The findings show that such a lack is mainly reflected in the homogeneous treatment which leads to an imbalance in the supply and demand of career education,in the insufficient environmental resources which affect the achievement of career goals,in the“process-based”cultivation which inhibits diversification of interest,and in the objective and rational education which inhibits self-efficacy.Based on these findings and social cognitive career theory,schools should practise personalized career education and guidance,fully explore the support of resources in the environment,cultivate the diversified career interests,evaluate and enhance students’sense of self-efficacy,and offer more scientific and effective help to shape students’career outlook and cultivate their career competence.