一种基于评分卡的健康测度方法:以桂林市民健康调查为例

A health measurement method based on score card:a case study of Guilin residents’ health survey

目的了解影响桂林市居民健康状况的因素,提出基于评分卡的健康测度方法,为桂林市居民的健康干预提供建议。方法采用无放回的不等概抽样和“拦截式”相结合的抽样方法,对桂林市城区居民进行问卷调查,了解被调查人群基本健康状况、健康状况的影响因素及针对健康问题采取的预防措施。结果运动、饮食、行为习惯、睡眠与被调查人群健康状况相关(均P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示,饮酒程度(OR=2.69)、久坐时长(OR=2.53)、熬夜状况(OR=1.86)、睡眠状况满意度(OR=1.65)、医疗花费(OR=2.46)与健康状况负相关(均P<0.05),睡眠时间(OR=0.24)与健康状况正相关(P<0.05)。基于调查结果,提出构建健康评分卡对居民的健康状况进行测度,结果显示:健康组成员平均得分为475.60分,中位数得分为485分;不健康组成员平均得分为449.60分,中位数得分为418分。结论健康评分卡可有效区分健康组成员和非健康组成员。为保证身体健康,建议居民应在24∶00之前睡觉,每天的睡眠时间在6~8小时;可以少量喝酒,但避免完全喝醉;每天久坐办公时间不超过3~5小时。

Objective To explore the health status of Guilin residents and the related influencing factors,a health measurement method based on score card was used to provide suggestions for health intervention of residents in Guilin.Methods Using the method of unequal probability sampling without return and“chance encounter”sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among urban residents in Guilin city to study the basic health status of the investigated population,the influencing factors of health status and the preventive measures for health problems.Results Exercise,diet,behavior habits and sleep were related to health status(all P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that five factors,including drinking levels(OR=2.69),sedentary time(OR=2.53),staying up late(OR=1.86),sleep satisfaction(OR=1.65)and medical expenses(OR=2.46)had negative effects on health status(all P<0.05),while sleep time(OR=0.24)had a positive impact on health status(P<0.05).According to the above contents,a health score card was proposed to measure the health of each resident.The results showed that the average score of healthy group was 475.60 points,the median score was 485 points,the average score of unhealthy group was 449.60 points,the median score was 418 points.Conclusions The health score card can effectively distinguish healthy group members from non-health group members.In order to ensure their health,residents should sleep before 24∶00,sleep more than 6-8 hours every day,drink a little but avoid being drunk,sedentary job shall not exceed 3-5 hours continuously every day.