基于新行标的机场航站区通用无障碍设计研究

Universal-Accessible Design for Airport Terminal Based on New MH

为了给机场航站区通用无障碍设计导则和通用无障碍环境评价指标体系编制提供理论框架,首先以通用设计七原则为理论基础,提出“定位多数人、兼顾少数人”的通用无障碍设计理念;然后以《民用机场旅客航站区无障碍设施设备配置技术标准》(MH/T 5107—2009)为对象,根据机场的空间特征与旅客的差异需求,采用比较研究和案例分析的方法,探讨了新行标相对于其他标准的优点与不足;之后结合大兴机场和羽田机场两个案例,阐述了机场航站区基于通用无障碍设计原则的具体设计方法。研究认为,机场航站区的设计应定位携带行李箱的旅客,兼顾残疾人、老年人、妇女儿童等弱势群体以及具有其他特殊需求的少数群体,平衡公平与效率之间的关系,最大限度地体现设计的包容性。

In order to provide a theoretical framework for the preparation of the universal-accessible design guidelines and the evaluation index system for the universal-accessible environment for airport terminal areas,the paper put forward the"universal-accessible design"concept of"positioning the majority while considering the minority"based on the Seven Principles of Universal Design.Taking Technical Standards for Airport Passenger Terminal Facilities with Accessibility by Individuals with Disabilities(MH/T 5107—2009)as subject,with methods of comparative research and case study,the paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the new industry standard compared with the other standards according to the spatial features of airports and the differences in passengers′demands,and explained how to design airport terminal areas with universal-accessible design principles according to two cases of Daxing Airport and Haneda Airport.It is believed that the design of the airport terminal area should target passengers carrying luggage,meanwhile take account of vulnerable groups such as the disabled,the elderly,women and children,etc.as well as minority groups with other special needs,balance the relationship between fairness and efficiency,and reflect the inclusiveness of the design to the maximum extent.