无关言语影响老年人阅读过程的眼动研究

The Irrelevant Speech Effect on Reading in Older Adults: Evidence from Eye Movements

采用眼动记录技术考察有意义言语、无意义言语和安静环境对老年和青年读者篇章阅读和词汇加工过程的影响。结果发现:相比于安静和无意义言语条件,所有被试在有意义言语条件下的篇章阅读速度降低,平均注视时间更长,向前眼跳长度缩短,目标词上的总注视时间更长,表现出显著的无关言语效应,而这一效应不存在显著的年龄差异。结果表明,与青年人相同,老年人的后期词汇加工和篇章语义信息加工受到了无关言语中语义成分的干扰。说明在自然阅读过程中,老年人抑制背景言语语义信息干扰的能力与青年人相似。

The present study investigated the influences of different irrelevant speeches during Chinese reading between older and younger readers by using measurements of eye movements.Participants were asked to read passages in the presence of meaningful speech,meaningless speech,and silence.Results showed that:1)There was significant irrelevant speech effect on Chinese passage reading for all the participants,such that the meaningful background speech reduced participants’reading rate,and led them to make more and longer fixations,shorter forward saccades.2)Both groups of readers spent longer time on target words when exposed to meaningful speech.3)No significant differences in irrelevant speech effects between younger and older adults were observed.These results suggest that older adults’ability to suppress the interference of semantic content in background noise does not decline during natural reading.