从瑞金到北京:中国共产党教师政策的初步演进(1929—1949年)

From Ruijin to Beijing:The Initial Evolution of the Teacher Policy of the Communist Party of China(1929—1949)

教师政策是中国共产党知识分子政策与教育政策的重要组成部分。中国共产党建立苏维埃政权后便确立了争取各类知识分子参加学校教育教学工作的教师政策,且以提高社会政治地位、经济待遇等方式吸引新旧教员积极工作。抗日战争时期中国共产党为建立民族统一战线,采取更具包容性的争取、团结、改造的教师政策。解放战争时期,中国共产党的教师政策随着和平与战争形势的转换也与时俱进,一方面强调通过各种途径和方法提高教师的学历和文化水平,另一方面注重“新区”教师的思想改造。在全国即将解放之时,既强调适当提高教师待遇和任职资格标准,又关注教师的思想教育和改造,成为中国共产党教师政策不可或缺的两翼,而审慎、有序地推进争取、团结、改造的教师政策,也奠定了全国解放后制定和执行教师政策的基础。

The teacher policy is an important part of the intellectual policy and education policy of the Communist Party of China.After establishing the Soviet regime,the CPC established the teacher policy to win over all kinds of intellectuals to participate in school education and teaching,and it attracted new and old teachers to work actively by improving their social and political status and economic benefits.During the War of Liberafion,the CPC adopted a more inclusive teacher policy of winning over,uniting and remoulding teachers in order to establish the national united front.During the War of Liberation,the CPC’s teacher policy kept pace with the times as the situation of peace and war changed.On the one hand,it emphasized improving teachers’academic qualifications and cultural level through various ways and methods,on the other hand,it paid attention to the ideological remoulding of the teachers in the“new district”.When the national liberation was to come,it not only emphasized the appropriate improvement of teachers’salary and qualification standards,but also focused on the ideological education and remoulding of teachers.These two parts have become the two indispensable wings of the CPC’s teacher policy that have prudently and orderly promoted the teacher policy of winning over,uniting and remoulding teachers,and have also laid the foundation for the formulation and implementation of teacher policy after liberation.