国外基于隐喻分析的教师角色研究及启示

The Research of the Teacher’s Role Based on Metaphor Analysis Abroad and Its Enlightenment

隐喻不仅是人类认知的基本方式,也是教育领域中重要的研究方式。国外许多研究者通过隐喻分析对教师角色进行了研究,研究对象以中小学职前教师和在职教师为主,采用的方法主要有补充半结构语句、问卷调查、撰写隐喻文本、创作视觉隐喻、半结构访谈、分析教学日志、分析自传体叙事、小组对话等。研究结果显示:教师创作的隐喻内涵丰富、类别多样,普遍包括知识提供者、养育者、制造者、指导者、爱和奉献的榜样、变革的推动者和权威者七种类型;不同性别、发展阶段和文化背景的教师创作的隐喻具有一定的差异;隐喻分析在促进教师角色反思上具有重要作用。我国研究者应采用混合、规范的方法,加强从隐喻分析视角对教师角色进行的研究,并促进隐喻分析与教师教育课程的融合。

Metaphor is not only a basic way of human cognition,but also an important research method.Many foreign researchers have studied the role of teachers by means of metaphor analysis.The research objects are mainly pre-service teachers and in-service teachers in primary and secondary schools.The methods used mainly include supplementary semi-structured sentences,questionnaires,writing metaphorical texts,creating visual metaphors,semi-structured interviews,analysis of teaching logs,analysis of autobiographical narratives,group dialogues.The research results show that the metaphors created by teachers are rich in connotation and diverse in categories,generally including seven types of knowledge providers,nurturers,producers,directors,models of love and dedication,promoters of change,and authorities;that the metaphors created by teachers of different genders,different stages of development and different cultural backgrounds are different to some extent;and that metaphor analysis plays an important role in promoting the teacher’s role reflection.Chinese researchers should strengthen the perspective of metaphor analysis,adopt a mixed and standardized method to study the role of teachers,and promote the integration of metaphor analysis and teacher education curriculum.