重大疫情中物资分配的管理过失责任探究

Research on the error in management of material distribution in serious epidemic

新型冠状病毒肺炎导致的重大疫情,牵动着每一个国民的心,而部分物资分配机构展现出的混乱与失职,不仅造成了恶劣的社会影响,也对疫情的防控带来了不可估量的危害。值此特殊之际,应当以管理过失追究物资分配管理者的过失责任,保护重大疫情下的公共安全。管理过失的引入,有利于追责,方便处罚管理无能,且可更好地敦促管理者履行补救职责。就具体的判断而言,可以从主体资格与客观行为两方面,合理划定过失责任的范围。在主体资格方面,物资分配机构本身必须是承担公共物资分配职能的单位,且管理者必须是具有实质管理权限的人。在客观行为方面,事前需要判断,管理者是否建设了常备的勤务、协作以及应急机制。事中需要判断,在疫情发生之后,管理者是否进行了有效的制度实践,或是弥补了常备制度的不足。结合多要素的判断,可以较为合理的划定管理过失的处罚范围,并对管理过失的认定提供较为明确的标准。

The novel coronavirus pneumonia caused a major epidemic,and the confusion of duty displayed by some material distribution agencies not only caused bad social effects,but also brought immeasurable harm to the epidemic prevention and control.Nowadays,the theory of error in management shall be used to investigate the legal responsibility of the material distribution manager.In terms of specific judgment,the scope of fault liability can be reasonably defined from two aspects of subject qualification and objective behavior.In the aspect of subject,the material distribution organization must be the public material distribution,and the manager must be the person with substantial management authority.In the objective aspect,it is necessary to judge whether the managers have established standing service,cooperation and emergency mechanism or not.In the meantime,the judge of effective system practice and remediation for the shortage is also important.Combined with multi-faceted and multi factor judgment,the punishment scope of management fault can be reasonably defined.