从周、克己与为仁——孔子礼学思想探析

Complying with the Zhou,Overcoming the Self and Constituting the Benevolence--Research into Confucius Ritual thought

面对春秋时期“礼崩乐坏”的局面,孔子提出了自己的礼治思想。孔子还进一步追问了“礼之本”,对礼的根据和合理性做出了深入的考察。通过追问“礼之本”,孔子提出了仁学思想,认为仁为礼之本,为礼寻找到新的内在精神。“从周”是孔子礼学思想形成的历史起点,孔子又强调了克己修身的功夫,把礼的外在约束转变为内在的道德自觉。孔子“以仁释礼”,建立了仁礼合一的思想体系,也奠定了儒家思想的理论基础。

Faced with"rites collapsed and music disappeared"in the Spring and Autumn Period,Confucius put forward the thought of governing society by ritual(li).Confucius inquired into the"the basis of ritual"and made a thorough investigation into the basis and rationality of ritual.Thus,Confucius put forward the thought of benevolence and thought that benevolence is the basis of ritual,and found a new inner spirit for ritual."Complying with the Zhou(Cong-zhou)"is the historical starting point for the formation of Confucian thoughts on ritual.Confucius emphasized the practice of mastering oneself(Ke-ji)and selfcultivation,transforming the external constraints of rites into internal moral consciousness."Explaining rituals with benevolence"in the Confucius thought established the thought system of unity of benevolence and ritual,and laid the theoretical foundation of Confucianism.