《国际卫生条例》在新冠疫情应对中的困境与完善

Difficulties and Improvements in the Implementation of the International Health Regulations in Responses to COVID-19

《国际卫生条例》由《国际卫生公约》发展而来,迄今为止经过一次修订,在这次修订中抛弃了原来保守的治理理念,与国际人权机制结合扩大了缔约国的义务,建立了国际公共卫生紧急事件机制,并试图实现公共卫生治理与国际经济发展的平衡。然而,在此次新冠疫情应对中,《国际卫生条例》作为全球公共卫生治理领域的基础性和框架性条例,其缔约国公共卫生核心能力建设的不完善,条例遵约引力的缺失以及国际公共卫生紧急事件机制的缺陷,再次使得《国际卫生条例》陷入实施困境。针对上述困境,应当以共同利益观为补位,强化《国际卫生条例》的权威性和规范性,使《国际卫生条例》在全球公共卫生治理领域发挥应有的作用。

The International Health Regulations(IHR)developes from the International Health Convention(IHC).So far,it has undergone a revision.In this revision,the old IHR abandons the original conservative concept of governance,combines with the international human rights mechanism,expands the obligations of contracting states,establishes the PHEIC mechanism,and tries to achieve the balance between public health governance and international economy.However,in response to COVID-19,the International Health Regulations,as the basic and framework regulations in the field of global public health governance,suffers the lack of the core of public health in the contracting states,the lack of compliance in the regulations,and the shortcomings of the PHEIC mechanism,which again puts the IHR in a difficult position.In view of the above implementation difficulties,we should strengthen the authority and standardization of IHR to make IHR play its due advantages in the field of global public health governance.