从观念到文本:唐顺之古文与八股文的文体互动

From Concept to Text:The Stylistic Interaction Between Tang Shunzhi’s Classical Prose and Eight-part Essay

唐顺之古文与八股文之间的文体互动建立在观念会通的基础上。“真精神”是唐顺之论文的宗旨与命脉,也是他对古文与八股文的共同要求。“法寓于无法之中”是唐顺之理想的法度观,包括“文之必有法”和“神明之变化”两个层面。共同的创作宗旨和衡文标准是文体会通的基本前提,严谨而通达的法度观则赋予其实践品格。在“以古文为时文”和“以时文为古文”的创作实践中,唐顺之的古文和八股文实现了真正意义的文体互动。我们可以在这一独特的文体现象中把握明代古文的细部变化及其变化动因与机制,并从中感知明代文章家探索文法的现实驱动力及其用力之所在。

The stylistic interaction between Tang Shunzhi’s ancient prose and eight-part essay is based on the consistency of writing ideas.“True spirit”is the purpose and lifeblood of Tang Shunzhi’s prose,and it is also his common requirement for ancient prose and eight-part essay.“Rule is contained in rulelessness”is the ideal form of Tang Shunzhi’s literary rule,including“the necessity of rule”and“flexible change of rule”.The common purpose and criterion of writing are the premise for the two genres to communicate and the rigorous and accessible concept of rule endows it with practical character.In the writing practice of“writing current articles in the way of classical prose”and“writing classical prose in the way of current articles”,Tang Shunzhi’s classical prose and the eight-part essay realize the real stylistic interaction.In this unique stylistic phenomenon,we can grasp the detailed changes of classical prose in the Ming Dynasty and its motivation and mechanism,and perceive the realistic driving force and focus of the writers in the Ming Dynasty to explore the rules of writing.