《红楼梦》大观园掇山营造探析

An Analysis of Rockery Construction in Grand View Garden of“A Dream of Red Mansions”

中国古典园林中掇山是造景要素之一,逐渐发展为不可或缺的一部分。本文通过《红楼梦》中关于掇山的描写,结合同时期造园大师张南垣的掇山手法,以及同时期造园家计成的造园专著《园冶》,对大观园掇山的营造手法和意境营造进行梳理。大观园中的掇山主要有两处,一处是大门处障景的翠嶂和探景的曲径通幽处,另一处是园中部与花溆结合的萝岗石洞和以理涧法做的涧壑,外加分布在全园构土为岗的山麓。大观园掇山的意境营造主要通过三种方法,一是将山石欣赏考虑在内,采取动势叠山表现生机活力,二是预留匾额楹联和留题,增加园林的诗情画意,三是营造山林境界,使游赏者有如入岩谷般的真实感受。从中探析中国古典园林中掇山的作用和意义。

Rockery is one of the elements of landscaping in Chinese traditional gardens,and has gradually developed into an indispensable part.This article adopts the description of rockery in“A Dream of Red Mansions”,combined with the techniques of rockery by Zhang Nanyuan,the master of gardening at the same time,and the garden monograph“Yuanye”by the gardener Jicheng at the same time,comb the construction methods and artistic conception of rockery in Grand View Garden.There are two main hills in the Grand View Garden,one is the green ridge at the gate and the winding path to explore the scenery,and the other is the Luogang Stone Cave in the middle of the garden combined with Huaxun and the streamline made by the method of streamlining,and distributed in the foothills of the whole garden.There are three main methods for creating the artistic conception of rockey in the Grand View Garden.One is to take the appreciation of mountains and rocks into con-sideration,and adopt momentum to pile up mountains to show vigor and vitality.The second is to reserve plaques,couplets and add topics to increase the poetic and artistic meaning of the garden.The third is to create the realm of mountains and forests so that the visitors can feel like a rock valley..Explore the role and significance of rockery in Chinese traditional gardens.