煤矿动力灾害广义“三因素”机理探讨

Discussion on generalized“Three Factors”mechanism of coal mine dynamic disaster

目前煤矿动力灾害的机理类研究多基于单一要素开展,由此获得的结论具有相对独立性,进而使得动力灾害研究呈现出复杂化的趋势。为回归其弹性能大量积聚和剧烈释放的本质,增强相关研究的关联性,以弹性能积聚为线索,通过常识推理提出了煤矿动力灾害形成的基本逻辑,包括:持续的能量补给;保证能量形式为弹性能的介质属性;能够使弹性能积聚至致灾量级且可以失效的制约机制,并指出,"能量源"包括稳定和偶发2种形式,前者来自开采卸荷后的等效加载作用,后者来自动载扰动;"介质属性"狭义上指物质种类,但对于冲击倾向性、渗透性等受限于细观结构的属性同样纳入本概念中;制约机制则是弹性能积聚至致灾量级并产生剧烈释放的关键,以结构面和块体组合为具体形式,是实现人为干预防灾的切入点。并将其分别概括为"力源因素"、"物性因素"和"结构因素",其中,物性因素是一切行为的基础,力源因素与结构因素具有密切的互馈作用,据此提出了广义"三因素"机理,给出了其潜在应用场景及未来研究方向。

At present,the mechanism research of coal mine dynamic disaster is mostly based on a single factor,and the conclusions ob⁃tained are relatively independent,which makes the research of dynamic disaster more complicated.In order to return to the essence of mas⁃sive accumulation and violent release of elastic properties,and enhance the relevance of related research,this paper puts forward the basic logic of coal mine dynamic disaster formation through common sense reasoning,taking elastic energy accumulation as the clue,including:continuous energy source supply;medium property to ensure that energy form is elastic performance;restriction mechanism that can make the elastic energy accumulate to the disaster level and fail.It is pointed out that“energy source”includes two forms:stable and accidental.The former comes from equivalent loading after mining unloading,and the latter from dynamic load disturbance;in a narrow sense,“medi⁃um property”refers to the type of material,but the impact propensity,permeability and other properties restricted by the micro structure are also included in this concept;the restriction mechanism is the key to the accumulation of elastic energy to the disaster level and the violent release of elastic energy,taking the combination of structural plane and medium as the specific form,which is the entry point to achieve hu⁃man intervention in disaster prevention.They are summarized as“force source factor”,“physical factor”and“structural factor”.Among them,physical factor is the basis of all behaviors,and force source factor and structural factor have close interaction.Based on this,the generalized“Three Factor”mechanism was proposed,and its potential application scenarios and future research directions were given.