采动巷道矿压显现特征及力构协同防控技术研究

Study on mine pressure characteristics and force-structure cooperative prevention and control on mining roadway with deep thick hard roof

以西北地区典型冲击地压矿井为工程背景,研究采动巷道冲击地压力构协同防控技术的有效性,通过对典型厚硬顶板条件下重复采动巷道冲击地压显现特征及主控因素的分析,采用"点-面-区"相结合的方式对深部厚硬顶板采动巷道应力分布进行了探测,确定了回风巷冲击地压严重的主要原因为区段煤柱侧向覆岩结构破断和采动应力的叠加作用。提出冲击地压防治要从采动巷道围岩结构和应力环境双方面入手,通过调整采动巷道围岩应力环境,人为干预高低位岩层破断位态,增加高低位厚硬顶板破断所释放弹性能量的传递损耗,优化巷道围岩支护参数,提高工作面超前应力峰值附近巷道刚性支护系统瞬时吸能让压能力,并根据采场煤层赋存条件、围岩结构特征和应力环境不断改变的特点,动态调整各种措施的时空组合方式进而实现采动巷道的围岩稳定性控制。通过典型冲击地压工作面现场防冲实际,验证了采动巷道冲击地压力构协同防控技术的有效性,为西北地区深部厚硬顶板条件下采动巷道冲击地压防治提供理论指导。

Taking typical rock burst mines in Northwest China as engineering background,studying on the effectiveness of force-structure cooperative prevention and control,research of the analysis of rock burst behavior characteristics and main control factors of repeated min⁃ing roadway under the condition of deep typical thick and hard roof.The combination of“point-surface-area”was used to analyze the stress distribution of mining roadway in deep thick hard roof,and it was determined that the main reason for the serious rock burst in the return airway was the fracture of the lateral overlying rock structure of the section coal pillar and the superposition of mining induced stress.It is proposed that rock burst prevention and control should start from both the structure and stress environment of the surrounding rock of the mining roadway,by adjusting mining roadway surrounding rock stress environment,artificially interfering high-low rock strata breaking states to increase the elastic energy released by the fracture of the high and low thick and hard roof.According to the change of the broken rock zone under the primary and secondary mining,the support parameters of roadway surrounding rock were optimized,the in⁃stantaneous energy absorption and pressure yielding capacity of roadway rigid support system near the peak of working face advanced stress was improved,and according to the existence conditions of the stope coal seam and structure characteristics of surrounding rock and the characteristics of stress environment changing,on the basis of the structure optimization and the applicable conditions of stress control measures,the space-time combination of various measures can be adjusted dynamically to realize the stability control of surrounding rock in mining induced roadway.Based on the field practice of typical rock burst working face,the effectiveness of force-structure cooperative prevention and control technology in mining induced roadway was verified,which provides theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of rock burst in mining induced roadway under the condition of deep thick and hard roof in the northwestern region.