基于生命周期的采煤机绿色评价方法研究及应用

Research and application of green evaluation method for shearer based on life cycle

针对采煤机需求量大,在加工制造过程中存在的耗能大和环境污染等问题,提出了一种基于生命周期评价的采煤机生命周期绿色评价方法,结合e Footprint软件分析,对采煤机加工制造过程进行量化评价。首先,以采煤机摇臂传动系统为研究对象,通过采用多目标分析理论对其进行稳健性优化设计分析,确定以质量作为绿色评价的重要影响因素;其次,以"从原材料开采到采煤机出厂"为系统边界,建立采煤机质量信息物料清单表,在e Footprint软件中对采煤机整机进行建模,并按照铸件、锻件、焊接件的分类方式进行清单分析,对采煤机各生产环节的能量消耗和环境影响进行定量分析;最后,以采煤机的摇臂、牵引部以及截割电机3个部分为目标,对比各零部件对不同影响指标的累积贡献。分析结果表明:摇臂过程中能源消耗与全球变暖了潜力的贡献率最大的是摇臂壳体,分别为49.50%和52.91%;牵引部过程中,机壳对能源消耗和全球暖化贡献率最大,分别为64.55%、63.95%;截割电机过程中对能源消耗和全球变暖潜力的贡献率最大的是冲片-硅钢片,分别为58.05%、63.27%。此方法可解决复杂机械产品绿色评价建模的问题,能识别出能源消耗最大的零部件以及对环境影响贡献最大者,可为企业提供绿色改进方向,同时为煤矿机械行业的绿色评价提供一定的借鉴与参考。

In view of the large demand for shearers,the large energy consumption and environmental pollution in theprocessing and manu⁃facturing process,a green evaluation method for shearers based on life cycle evaluation is proposed.Combined with eFootprint software a⁃nalysis,the process is quantitatively evaluated.First,taking the shearer rocker drive system as the research object,by using the multi-ob⁃jective analysis theory to conduct robustness optimization design analysis,and determine the weight as an important influencing factor in green evaluation.Second,taking“cradle to gate”as the system boundary to establish a shearer weight information bill of material,and modelthe shearer in the efootprint software,and analyze the list according to the classification of castings,forgings,welding parts.The en⁃ergy consumption and environmental pollution of each production link of shearer are analyzed quantitatively.Finally,taking the three parts of the shearer’s rocker arm,traction unit and cutting motor as the target and compare the cumulative contribution of each component to different impact indicators in the calculation results.The results show that the rocker arm shell has the largest contribution rate of energy consumption and global warming during the rocker arm process,reaching 49.50%and 52.91%,respectively;during the traction,the shell has the largest contribution rate to energy consumption and global warming,reaching 64.55%and 63.95%,respectively;during motor cutting,the largest contribution rate to energy consumption and global warming is the impact sheet-silicon steel sheet,reaching 58.05%and 63.27%,respectively.This method can solve the problem of green evaluation modeling of complex mechanical products,identify the components that consume the most energy and contribute the most to the environment,and provide companies with green improvement di⁃rections and references for the coal mine machinery industry green evaluation.