中国传统生态环境法文化及当代价值研究

Research on the Traditional Chinese Eco-Environmental Legal Culture and Modern Values

以农为本是中国历朝历代奉行的基本国策,国家对生态环境高度依赖,形成了以"天人合一"为伦理基础的传统生态环境法文化。从思想维度分析,中国古代重农敬天、崇拜自然,儒、道、法等各派思想在回答人与自然关系时,都持有人是自然一部分的整体生态观;在解释人与自然互动问题时,均持有人应遵守自然规律的观点。从规范维度观察,中国古代形成了以礼法、律典、敕令为主要形式的生态环境保护法律体系。中国古代生态环境法文化与马克思主义生态观具有较高的契合性:马克思主义唯物辩证法思想在发展过程中形成了整体生态观,认为应该在遵循自然规律的基础上保护生态环境,这与"重农敬天""人与天和""顺时立政""节用止欲"等中国传统生态环境法文化高度契合。两者共同构成了"人与自然生命共同体"的理论基础,为新时代生态环境法律体系的完善提供了宝贵的文化资源。

Ancient China was based on agriculture and highly dependent on the ecological environment.Hence it has formed a traditional ecological environment legal culture based on the ethical foundation of’harmony between heaven and human’.Analyzed from the aspect of traditional Chinese ideology,ancient China emphasized agriculture and respected nature and worshiped nature.When answering the relationship between human and nature,main schools of thought,such as Confucianism,Taoism,and Legalist,hold the overall ecological view that humanity is part of nature;when explaining the question of interaction between man and nature,they considered that man should obey the laws of nature.From the perspective of norms,ancient China formed an ecological and environmental protection legal system with Li,codes,and edicts as the main forms.The ancient Chinese eco-environmental legal culture has a high degree of compatibility with the Marxist ecological concept.Marxist materialist dialectics has formed an overall ecological concept in the development process,and believes that the ecological environment should be protected on the basis of following the laws of nature.They constitute the theoretical basis of the’community of human and natural life’and provide a path to cultural confidence for the improvement of the ecological environment legal system in the new era.