澜湄合作机制下中柬水资源合作路径

Pathway of Sino-Cambodia water resources cooperation under the Lancang-Mekong cooperation mechanism

目前,中柬水资源合作以技术援助、试点示范、水文信息共享和产能合作为主,但总体上合作水平层次还不高,合作范围还有较大的扩展空间。在构建中柬命运共同体的双边合作历史机遇和新型的澜湄多边合作框架下,未来如何深入推进中柬水资源合作?本文通过构建跨境河流合作"动因—阶段"分析框架,在系统梳理柬埔寨水资源开发利用、水旱灾害防治、水能开发利用、水生态环境保护等方面的主要问题和合作需求的基础上,提出了中柬水资源合作行动清单,并依据其实现的整体收益目标、利益分配方式和制度保障条件,按单方援助、协调合作、协同合作、联合行动4个阶段将行动清单结构化为一幅合作路径的蓝图。同时,中柬水资源合作虽然显现出由低水平向高水平逐步发展,高水平合作向下兼容低水平合作的基本特性,但当澜湄流域面临不断涌现的新机遇和新挑战时,中柬水资源合作会在某些领域呈现跨阶段发展的局面。

At present,Sino-Cambodia water resources cooperation mainly focuses on technical assistance,pilot demonstration,hydrological information sharing,and production capacity cooperation.But on the whole,the level of cooperation is not high,and the scope of cooperation still has great space for improvement.Under the historical opportunity of bilateral cooperation and the new multilateral cooperation framework,how to promote the cooperation of water resources between China and Cambodia in the future?In this study,viewing through the analytical framework of the drivers-stages of trans-boundary river cooperation,and on the basis of systematically identifying the main problems and needs in the fields of water resources development and utilization,flood and drought disaster prevention,hydropower development and utilization,and water ecological environment protection in Cambodia,water resources cooperation actions between China and Cambodia are put forward.Then,according to the integrated benefit objectives and benefit distribution mode and institutional conditions,the list of actions is structured into a blueprint of cooperation pathway with four stages of unilateral assistance,coordination,collaboration,and joint actions.Although Sino-Cambodia water resources cooperation has the basic characteristics of gradual development from low level to high level,the high level cooperation is compatible with the low level cooperation.But when the whole basin is faced with emerging new cooperation opportunities and challenges,the cooperation in some areas could take a cross-stage development path.