基于Web of Science的旅游风险研究进展

Progress of tourism risk research based on data from the Web of Science

自2001年9/11事件起,包括非典、巴厘岛爆炸案、亚洲海啸等重大灾难事件极大地打击了世界旅游业,旅游风险问题日益凸显。以2001—2018年"Web of Science核心合集"中296篇与旅游风险研究高度相关论文为基础,对旅游风险研究现状及成果进行了系统性总结和梳理。研究发现:(1)旅游风险研究受到多学科的广泛关注,按照文献数量和研究热点可分为萌芽期(2001—2006年)、蓄势期(2007—2012年)和发展期(2013—2018年)3个阶段;(2)国际旅游风险研究在国家及地区层面上表现出"一超多强"的态势,"一超"为美国,处于合作网络中的中心地位,"多强"为澳大利亚、英国、中国(不含台湾地区);(3)旅游风险研究方法种类丰富,主要涵盖了描述分析、访谈法、模型分析和统计分析4类;(4)旅游风险的相关研究成果主要集中在旅游风险内涵、游客风险、目的地风险、利益相关者风险、宏观背景下的旅游风险5方面。结合国外的研究经验,本文提出未来中国应就完善旅游风险理论体系、深化游客风险感知与行为研究主题、拓宽旅游目的地风险研究思路、重视社区居民在旅游风险管理中的作用、关注宏观背景下的旅游风险5方面加强研究,以促使研究体系完善和优化。

Since the 9/11 attack in 2001,a series of catastrophic events,such as the SARS outbreak,the Bali bombings,and the Indian Ocean tsunami,have stuck the tourism industry worldwide and the issue of tourism risks has become increasingly prominent.The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive literature review about the extant research on tourism risk.This study systematically reviewed 296 relevant research articles and proceeding papers based on the Web of Science Core Collection database.The articles published during 2001-2018 were selected.The findings indicate that:(1)Tourism risk research has received extensive attention from multiple disciplines and can be categorized into three periods underlying the number of literature and research hotspots:the nascent period(2001-2006),the accumulation period(2007-2012),and the development period(2013-2018).(2)Tourism risk research is characterized by the trend of"one super actor and many strong actors"at the national and regional levels.The super actor refers to the United States at the center of the cooperative network,while the strong actors are Australia,the United Kingdom,and China(excluding Taiwan Province).(3)Research methods of tourism risk tend to be of high diversity,mainly covering four categories:descriptive analysis,interview,modeling,and statistical analysis.(4)The relevant research results of tourism risk mainly focus on five aspects of tourism risk connotation,tourist risk,destination risk,stakeholder risk,and tourism risk in macro context.The study proposed five directions of future research based on the current literature of tourism risk to facilitate the optimization of the research system:improving the theories of tourism risk,deepening the understanding of tourists’risk perception and behavior,broadening research themes on destination risk management,emphasizing the role of community residents in tourism risk management,and paying attention to the tourism risk under the marco context of the global market.