框架核酸在活细胞分子诊断和成像中的应用

Application of framework nucleic acids in live-cell molecular diagnosis and imaging

框架核酸是一类基于DNA纳米技术构建的具有特定框架结构的核酸体系.该类结构由天然核酸基于碱基互补配对原则组装,具有均一而稳定的拓扑结构、良好的生物相容性和极低的细胞毒性;框架核酸可以在无转染试剂辅助的情况下直接穿过细胞膜,有效保护所载带的生物分子长时间抵御生理环境中核酸酶的降解,为活细胞分子诊断和成像提供了新工具.文章综述了框架核酸的组装、功能化及表征方法,结合其结构特点介绍了框架核酸在活细胞分子诊断和成像中的应用,包括活细胞核酸标志物、离子、其他生物分子及循环肿瘤细胞的检测与成像,并分析了其发展应用前景,为框架核酸在活细胞诊断相关领域的研究提供了新的思路和研究依据.

Framework nucleic acids(FNAs)is a kind of nucleic acids with specific frame structure based on DNA nanotechnology.Being assembled by natural nucleic acids following base pairing,FNAs has uniform and stable topological structure,good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity,which are suitable for live-cell diagnosis.FNAs can penetrate cell membrane without assistance of transfection reagents,making the detection more effective and convenient.Besides,the frame structure of FNAs can protect the biomolecules from being degraded by nuclease in the complex physiological environment.In this review,we introduce the development of FNAs and its application in live-cell molecular diagnosis and imaging.The assembly,functionalization and characterization of FNAs and its diagnosis application in nucleic acids,ions,other biomolecules and even living cells are reviewed.Finally,current challenges and opportunities in the research field are discussed,which provides new idea and basis for the research of FNAs in live-cell diagnosis.