直流电机调速控制和测速系统设计

Design of DC Motor Speed Control and Speed Measurement System

直流电机在制动、启动以及调速等方面有良好的性能,在直流测速发电机、马达、机床转轴等旋转设备的转速控制和转速采集中的应用非常广泛。近年来,以微处理器为核心的数字系统已经发展成为主流的直流电机控制系统。针对传统直流电机在调速时稳定性、精确度和抗干扰能力等方面的缺点,考虑到将直流电机的转速通过霍尔传感器进行变换再送到单片机中进行处理,设计了一种基于51单片机的直流电机调速控制和测速系统。该系统实现了直流电机挡速的控制和直流电机转速的实时测量,在每一挡速度之间可实现直流电机的加速、减速、暂停和启动;同时,通过四位八段的数码管,可显示直流电机当前的挡速和转速变化。通过仿真和试验,验证了该设计的可行性。

DC motor has good performance in braking,starting and speed regulation.It is widely used in the speed control and speed acquisition of DC tachogenerator,motor,machine tool shaft and other rotating equipment.In recent years,the digital system with microprocessor as the core has developed into the mainstream control system of DC motor.Aiming at the shortcomings of stability,accuracy and anti-interference of traditional DC motor in speed regulation,considering that the speed of DC motor is transformed by Hall sensor and then sent to MCU for processing,a DC motor speed control and speed measurement system based on 51 MCU is designed.The system can realize the speed control of DC motor and the real-time measurement of DC motor speed,and the acceleration,deceleration,pause and start of the DC motor can be realized between each speed.At the same time,the current speed and speed change of the DC motor can be displayed by the four digit eight segment digital tube.The feasibility of the design is verified by simulation and experiment.