共管体系与共治规则——西班牙共管公寓政策对我国自有住房管理与社区治理的启示

Co-management System and Co-governance Rules:The Policy Enlightenment of Spanish Condominium to China’s Owner-occupied Housing Management and Community Governance

西班牙是欧洲典型的住房自有率较高的国家,在房地产发展、房产性质、住房观念上与我国有诸多相似之处。共管公寓是西班牙城市住房的主要类型,历经长期政策探索,形成了适应当代城市生活的共同管理体系和共同治理规则,是发达国家住房制度实践的成熟案例。本文基于对西班牙共管公寓发展历史的梳理,总结了其阶段脉络和经验教训。通过解读共管公寓现行法律文本,本文阐释了西班牙共管公寓管理中不同社会团体的权利和义务,剖析了其社区治理制度化、规范化的运营模式。通过对共管公寓共管体系与共治规则的引介,并结合国内外共管公寓政策类研究,本文横向对比了我国自有住房的管理现状,发掘阶段弊病、基层矛盾和提升潜质,并从产权管理、社区自治、适老改造、社会共识等多个维度,为我国城市自有住房社区管理政策的制定提供有价值的借鉴和启示。

Spain is a typical European country with a high rate of home ownership,and there are many similarities between Spain and China in terms of real estate development,the nature of property and the concept of housing.Condominium is the main type of housing in Spanish cities.After the long-term policy exploration,it has formed a common management system and common governance rules that could adapt to contemporary urban life,and are mature examples of housing system the in the developed countries.Based on the history of Spanish Condominium,this paper summarizes its development stages and lessons we could learn from.By interpreting the current legal texts of condominiums,the rights and obligations of different regulatory bodies on the basis of legal texts,this paper explains the rights and obligations of different social groups in the management of Spanish condominiums,and analyses the institutionalized and standardized operation model of community governance.By introducing the condominium co-management system and rules of co-management,and combining domestic and international research on condominium policy,this paper compares the current management situation of Chinese self-owned housing,explores the stage shortcomings,grassroots conflicts and potential enhancement,and provides valuable reference and inspiration for the formulation of community management policies for urban self-owned housing in China from multiple dimensions,such as property rights management,community autonomy,age-appropriate rehabilitation and social consensus.