增施生物有机肥对红芸豆产量和品质的影响

Effects of Increased Application of Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Red Kidney Bean

探究增施生物有机肥对红芸豆产量和品质的影响,可为神池县红芸豆的可持续与优质高效地生产提供理论依据。以英国红芸豆为试验材料,采用"414"方案进行连续3年的定位试验,研究在复合肥的基础上合理增施生物有机肥对红芸豆产量、产量相关因子以及品质的影响。结果表明,2017和2018年的各处理中均为T3处理(施用硝酸磷300kg/hm^(2)、尿素180kg/hm^(2)和生物有机肥3000kg/hm^(2))效果最好,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾等指标较不施生物有机肥(CK)分别增加24.7%、20.3%、23.0%、7.9%和5.7%、31.5%、1.0%、31.8%;株高及荚长分别增加了20.2%、7.6%和20.8%、11.1%;产量分别增加了20.4%和25.9%;蛋白质含量增加了14.8%和16.4%;脂肪含量无明显变化;总产值分别为23 976.0和22 459.0元/hm^(2),扣除复合肥和生物有机肥等生产成本外,净利润最高的均为T2处理(施用硝酸磷300kg/hm^(2)、尿素180kg/hm^(2)和生物有机肥1800kg/hm^(2)),分别为20 267.9和18 802.7元/hm^(2),较CK处理分别增加了7.9%和12.3%。2019年,选择经济效益最高的T2处理在烈堡乡和大严备乡进行扩大面积种植,产量分别为3002和3420kg/hm^(2),较CK处理分别提高了12.2%和16.3%;净利润为18 832.3和21 925.5元/hm^(2),较CK处理分别提高了0.9%和6.3%。因此综合考虑红芸豆产量和农民纯收入等方面,T2处理是最优施肥方式,适宜大面积推广。

This study was conducted to explore the effects of the application of bio-organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of red kidney bean. It also provided a theoretical basis for sustainable, high-quality, and efficient production of local red kidney beans in Shenchi. In this study, the British red kidney beans was used as the experiment material and the "414" scheme was adopted to carry out the positioning test for three consecutive years. The results showed that employed phosphorus nitrate 300 kg/ha, urea 180 kg/ha, and bio-organic fertilizer 3000 kg/ha treatments(T3) had the best effect among all the experimental treatments in 2017 and 2018.Compared with the no bio-organic fertilizer(CK) treatments, the indexes such as organic matter, available nitrogen, available P, and available K increased by 24.7%, 20.3%, 23.0%, 7.9% in 2017 and 5.7%, 31.5%, 1.0%,and 31.8% in 2018, respectively. Plant height and pod length increased by 20.2%, 7.6% in 2017 and 20.8%, 11.1% in 2018, respectively. The yield increased by 20.4% and 25.9%, and protein content increased by 14.8% and16.4%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in fat content. The total output value was 23976.0 yuan and 22 459.0 yuan/ha, respectively. After deducting the production costs of compound fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer, which employed phosphorus nitrate 300 kg/ha, urea 180 kg/ha, and bio-organic fertilizer1800 kg/ha treatment(T2) had the largest net profit with 20 267.9 and 18 802.7 yuan/ha and were 7.9% and 12.3% higher than that of respectively CK treatment. In 2019, the T2 treatment with the highest economic benefit was selected and expanded in Liebao and Dayanbei and the yield was 3002 and 3420 kg/ha, respectively, which increased by 12.2% and 16.3% compared with the CK treatment;the net profit was 18 832.3 and 21 925.5 yuan/ha, which were 0.9% and 6.3% higher than that of the CK treatment. Therefore, taking the yield of red kidney bean and farmer’s net income into consideration, the T2 treatment was the best fertilization method and suitable for large-scale popularization and planting.