多氨基酰-tRNA合成酶复合物的发生发展

The development of multiple synthetase complex(MSC)

氨基酰-tRNA合成酶(aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase,aaRS)是由管家基因编码的一类古老的蛋白质,其核心功能是催化对应的tRNA和氨基酸形成氨基酰-tRNA,为蛋白质合成提供原料,从而将遗传信息翻译成蛋白质行使细胞的生物功能。随着生物进化的发展,越来越多的aaRS进化出了新的结构域,从而使aa RS功能更具有多样性,其中最明显的就是aa RS介导产生的多氨基酰-t RNA合成酶复合物(multiple synthetase complex,MSC)。该文将从进化发展的角度依次对古细菌、真核单细胞生物酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)、真核多细胞生物秀丽隐杆线虫(C.elegans)和高等真核生物哺乳动物体内的MSC进行介绍,并综述已报道的它在体内的重要功能。

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase(aaRS)is an important class of ancient proteins encoded by housekeeping genes,and its main function is to catalyze the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from corresponding tRNA and amino acid.Thus,the genetic information can be transformed into proteins that participate in the process of activity of cell.As organisms evolve,more and more aaRSs have emerged new domains,which make the functions of aaRS more diverse.The most obvious one is the multiple synthetase complex(MSC)constructed by aaRSs.In this paper,we will introduce the MSC in Archaea,single-celled eukaryotic microorganism S.cerevisiae,multicellular organism C.elegans and mammalian cells from the perspective of evolutionary development,and introduce their reported important functions in vivo.