德国《可再生能源法》(EEG-2021)的最新进展及对我国的启示

Latest Development of Germany′s Renewable Energy Law(EEG-2021) and Its Enlightenment to China

为了实现2030年碳排放目标,2021年1月1日起,德国实行新修订的《可再生能源法》(EEG-2021)。《可再生能源法》(EEG-2021)调整了可再生能源2030年的总量目标,由原来的可再生能源占能源供应总量的50%提高到65%,并首次将实现"温室气体中立"的法定目标纳入其中;强制要求可再生能源发电厂安装智能电表,监控可再生能源的发电、上网与使用情况;继续坚持由招标投标来确定电价的市场化策略,并规定了各类可再生能源电价的最高投标限价;吸取了《可再生能源法》(EEG-2017)大幅降低可再生能源电力补贴的教训,除继续保留可再生能源小型发电厂的固定电价外,提高了对一般可再生能源发电的电价补贴力度。中国应借鉴德国的经验教训,从提高立法层级、制定长远目标、明确主体责任、消减火力发电、细化产业政策等方面对可再生能源立法进行完善。

In order to achieve the 2030 carbon emission target,Germany has implemented the newly revised Renewable Energy Law(EEG-2021) from January 1st,2021.The Renewable Energy Law(EEG-2021) increases the proportion of renewable energy in total energy supply by 2030 from 50% to 65% and includes for the first time the statutory target of greenhouse gas neutral.It is mandatory for renewable energy power plants to install smart meters to monitor the power generation,grid connection and use of renewable energy.The market strategy of determining electricity prices by bidding will be adhered to,and the ceiling bid price for electricity price of various renewable energy is stipulated.Drawing lessons from the substantial reduction of renewable energy feed-in tariff in the Renewable Energy Law(EEG-2017),the feed-in tariff for general renewable energy power generation is increased in addition to maintaining the fixed electricity price for small renewable energy power plants.China should learn from the experience and lessons of Germany to improve the legisla-tion of renewable energy from the aspects of improving legislative level,setting long-term goals,clarifying main responsibilities,reducing thermal power generation and formulating detailed industrial policies.