光催化在有机合成反应中的应用研究进展

Research Progress in Application of Photocatalysis in Organic Synthesis Reactions

光催化有机合成开辟了一条新的合成路线。光催化有机合成反应通常在常温、常压下进行,易操作,不仅可以在温和条件下实现以往需要苛刻反应条件的合成,而且能够有效减少副反应的发生,控制反应进行的程度,在绿色环保的同时,提升反应的安全性和可控性。因此,光催化作为一种绿色合成手段,在有机合成中的应用越来越受到人们的重视,并已在脂肪烃、芳烃、醇、胺等的氧化反应,二氧化碳、硝基芳烃等的还原反应,Michael加成、环加成等反应,以及烃类、羰基化合物、胺的烷基化反应等有机合成反应中取得了丰富的成果,尤其是近年来取得了重要进展。毫无疑问,光催化的发展将会引领我们发现更多有用的反应。不过目前光催化有机合成实现规模化应用的还比较少,今后还需要围绕实现规模化应用,在提高光的利用率、开发新型光催化剂、提高光催化效率和选择性、改善经济性、探索光催化机理等方面开展深入研究,以进一步促进光催化有机合成的发展。

Photocatalytic organic synthesis has opened up a new synthesis route.Photocatalytic organic synthesis reactions are usually carried out at normal temperature and pressure and are easy to operate.The synthesis,which can only be achieved under harsh reaction conditions in the past,can be achieved under mild conditions.Moreover,side reactions can be effectively reduced and the extent of reactions can be controlled,so as to improve the safety and controllability of the reactions while being environmentally friendly.Therefore,the application of photocatalysis in organic synthesis has attracted more and more attention as a green synthesis method.It has been used in the oxidation reactions of aliphatic hydrocarbon,aromatic hydrocarbon,alcohol and amine,the reduction reactions of carbon dioxide and nitro-aromatic hydrocarbon,the Michael addition,cycloaddition and other reactions,the alkylation reactions of hydrocarbons,carbonyl compounds and amine,and other organic synthesis reactions.A lot of achievements have been made,and important progress has been achieved especially in recent years.There is no doubt that the development of photocatalysis will lead to the discovery of more useful reactions.However,currently there are few large-scale applications of photocatalytic organic synthesis.In the future,in-depth research should be carried out on improving the utilization of light,developing new photocatalyst,improving photocatalytic efficiency and selectivity,improving the economy and exploring the mechanism of photocatalysis while focusing on the realization of large-scale application,so as to further promote the development of photocatalytic organic synthesis.