长江流域协调机制创新性落实的法律路径研究

On Legal Path of the Innovative Implementation of the Coordination Mechanism in the Yangtze River Basin

流域水生态系统提供的服务和功能丰富而多样,跨界流域带来的诸多效益更是超越了不同行政界限。流域水生态系统的经济、社会和文化价值应该由流域内所有利益关联主体共享。利益共享内在地包涵了标准、责任、评价、共享和可持续性等要素,它们的关联与耦合需要一种结构性框架的支撑,而协调机制即是流域利益共享和治理责任分担的制度保障。《长江保护法》规定了流域协调机制的框架。在"共抓大保护、不搞大开发"和"高质量发展"的时代要求下,长江流域生态保护和经济发展需要依赖于流域协调机制的创新性落实。构建以流域资源为基础的网络型协调机制框架、以政府为主导的利益分配机制、以制度为基础的法律硬约束机制,能够突破传统行政区划障碍,促进流域协调发展。溯源流域协调理论的历史,论证国际流域治理协调机制的客观理性,分析长江流域协调机制的供给性约束和体制性约束,对长江流域协调机制落实的法律路径进行探索性思考。

The services and functions provided by watershed water ecosystems are rich and varied, and the benefits of transboundary watersheds transcend different administrative boundaries. The economic, social and cultural values of watershed water ecosystems should be shared by all stakeholders in the watershed. Benefits sharing inherently includes criteria, responsibility, evaluation, sharing and sustainability, and their correlation and coupling need the support from a structural framework, so the coordination mechanism is the institutional guarantee for the benefits sharing and governance responsibility sharing of the watershed. Yangtze River Protection Law provides the framework for the basin coordination mechanism. Under the requirements of "to step up conservation of the Yangtze River and stop its over development" and "high-quality development", the Yangtze River basin’s ecological protection and economic development need to rely on the innovative implementation of the river basin coordination mechanism. Constructing the networked coordination mechanism framework based on the basin resources, the government-led benefit distribution mechanism, and the legal constraint mechanism on the basis of the institution, can help to break through the traditional administrative barriers and promote the coordinated development of river basin. Tracing the history of the basin coordination theory, demonstrating the objective rationality of the international basin governance coordination mechanism and analyzing the supply constraint and institutional constraint of the coordination mechanism of the Yangtze River basin, then the research makes exploratory thinking on the legal path of implementation of the coordination mechanism in the Yangtze River basin.