不同调控措施对葡萄冬剪枝条堆肥效果的影响

Effects of Different Treatments on Composting from Winter Cuttings of Grape

以葡萄冬剪枝条为原料,以饼肥、尿素、碳酸氢铵为氮源,EM菌、生物菌肥发酵剂、秸秆发酵剂为接种外源微生物,设置9个处理,进行为期60天的堆肥,研究了不同调控措施堆体温度、堆肥基质物理性质、pH值、堆体腐熟程度和养分含量的变化。研究结果表明:葡萄枝屑添加不同氮源对堆温影响较大,添加饼肥的处理增加了堆体50℃以上高温的持续时间,且处理1(添加饼肥、C/N 20:1、接种EM菌发酵剂)高温维持时间最长,为10天。堆肥结束时,各处理容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙度和持水孔隙度都有所增加,且都在理想基质范围内,各处理pH值变化基本一致,均是先升高后降低;除处理6(添加碳酸氢铵、C/N 30:1、接种生物菌肥发酵剂)外,其他处理种子发芽指数均在1以上,各处理种子发芽指数都可满足植物的生长;处理1全量氮、磷和钾含量相对较高,分别为3.160%、0.959%和1.880%,实际应用价值更大。综合考虑,添加饼肥、调整碳氮比为20:1、接种EM菌发酵剂,为最佳葡萄枝屑基质化发酵配比。

Winter pruned grape branches as raw materials,cake fertilizer,urea and ammonium bicarbonate as N sources,EM Fermentation Agent,biological bacterial fertilizer fermentation agent and straw fermentation agent as inoculating exogenous microorganisms.There were nine treatments for 60 days composting.The changes of compost temperature,physical properties of compost substrate,pH value,compost maturity and nutrient content under different control measures were studied.The results showed that adding different N sources to grape cuttings had a great influence on the heap temperature.Adding cake fertilizer increased the duration of high temperature above 50℃,The treatment 1(adding cake fertilizer,C/N 20:1,inoculating with EM Fermentation Agent)had the longest high temperature maintenance time,which was 10 days.At the end of composting,the bulk density,total porosity,aeration porosity and water holding porosity of each treatment were increased,and all were in the ideal matrix range.The pH value of each treatment was basically the same,which increased first and then decreased.At the end of composting,except for treatment 6(adding ammonium bicarbonate,C/N 30:1,inoculating microbial fertilizer starter),the germination index of other treatments was above 1,and the contents of N,P and K in treatment 1(adding cake fertilizer,C/N 20:1,inoculating with EM Fermentation Agent)were 3.160%,0.959%and 1.880%,respectively,which had greater practical application value.Taken together,the best substrate fermentation ratio of grape cuttings was added cake fertilizer,adjusted C/N 20:1,inoculated with EM Fermentation Agent.