控释氮肥在我国小麦-玉米轮作体系的应用研究进展

Progress on Application of Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer in Wheat-Maize Rotation System in China

氮素在小麦-玉米轮作体系中占据重要地位。施用与小麦、玉米各生育时期需氮规律相吻合的控释氮肥,可改善作物生长特性及提高氮素利用效率,保障其高质稳产,并降低氮素淋溶污染风险。概述了控释氮肥性质和施用控释氮肥对小麦-玉米轮作体系作物产量、氮素利用效率、农艺学性状和土壤氮素含量及酸碱性等方面的影响,探讨了控释氮肥应用研究中存在的问题,并对未来控释氮肥的研发提出了建议和展望,以期为控释氮肥在我国小麦-玉米轮作体系中的进一步推广应用提供理论依据。

Nitrogen(N)plays an indispensable role in wheat-maize rotation system.The application of controlledrelease N fertilizer improves the growth characteristics and N utilization efficiency of wheat-maize rotation system,ensures its high quality and stable yield,and reduces the risk of leaching pollution,which is consistent with the law of N demand in each growth period of wheat and maize.In this review,the properties of controlled-release N fertilizer and its effects on the yields of wheat-maize rotation system,N use efficiency,agronomic properties,soil N and acidityalkalinity properties were summarized.The problems and countermeasures in the application of controlled-release N fertilizer were discussed.Suggestions and prospects for the research and development of controlled-release N fertilizer in the future were put forward,which would further promote the application of controlled-release N fertilizer in China’s wheat-maize rotation system and lay the theoretical foundation.