布哈林思想视域下中国科学学学科起源研究

Research on the origin of science of science in China from the perspective of Bukharin′s thought

研究科学学起源的条件与过程有助于明晰其发展规律。根据历史文献,分析布哈林的科学学思想的理论逻辑,并结合访谈学科发展重要事件历史亲历者,在比较中苏科学学学科起源与发展历程基础上明晰该学科发展的实践逻辑,概括出承认科学发展存在其自身固有规律是科学学学科发展的必要条件。将理论逻辑与实践逻辑相比较,发现中国科学学学科发展的理论缺陷导致支撑科技研究长足乏力的困境。历史经验表明我国科学学的发展应该处理好"求真"和"务实"的关系,弘扬科学精神。

This study focuses on the analysis of the conditions and processes of the origin of science in China. It compares and contrasts with the birth and development of the Soviet Union science discipline bred under Bukharin thought, which helps clarify the development of patterns and development of conditions of science discipline. This paper mainly refers to the Soviet Union and China’s historical documents and analyzes the theoretical logic on Bukharin’s scientific thoughts. At the same time, it also contains in-depth interviews with the historical witnesses who have experienced the important events in the discipline establishment and development of the science of science in China to restore the panorama of the events under the background of the times much as possible. By comparing the origin and development of science between China and the Soviet Union, this paper clarifies the practical logic of its further development after its establishment and summarizes the necessary conditions for its development. It means one must recognize the inherent law of scientific development and respect the objective law. In the early 20 th century, the science of science was first born in the Soviet Union under the influence of Bukharin’s thought of science, which impacted the productive forces and relations of production in the Soviet Union. This idea gradually spread to China to form a small influence, but soon in the 1950 s and 1960 s, the development of the science of science came to a standstill and was not established smoothly. To explore why the science of science in China did not establish smoothly in the 1950 s and 1960 s. The author compares the theoretical logic of the development of the science of Science in the Soviet Union with the practical logic of developing the science of science in China. Finds that there are theoretical defects in the development of the science of Science in China. This theoretical defect is that Chinese scholars can not compromise the subject orientation of the science of science. The development of the science of science in the Soviet Union is mainly aimed at exploring the inherent law of scientific development and its influence mechanism on productivity. However, Chinese scholars lack discussion on the causality of production relations and productivity in scientific research activities and deal with the theoretical differences by shelving them. They only point out that it is necessary to adhere to Marxist theory’s guidance, which leads to the lack of motivation for scientific research to develop rapidly. During the Cultural Revolution, the "Gang of Four" proposed to replace natural science with philosophy and denied the promoting effect of science on production. During this period, the science of science was not born smoothly. It was not until after the end of the Cultural Revolution that the Party and the state-required emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and focusing scientific research on the inherent laws existing in the process of scientific development. Five years later, in 1982, the science of science in China formed a disciplinary system. Reviewing the historical experience gained from the stagnation and re-development of science in China in the last century, we should avoid repeating the past mistakes in the development of the science of Science in China. We should deal with the relationship between "seeking truth" and "being practical, " explore the inevitable relationship between scientific and technological progress and the coordinated development of economy and society based on empirical research, carry forward the scientific spirit, and carry out scientific research guided by China’s problems realistically.