热处理和碱处理对阳离子可染短纤维力学性能的影响

Research on the effect of heat treatment and alkaline treatment on mechanical properties of cationic dyeable polyester fiber

针对常压阳离子可染纤维(ECDP)在实际生产应用中存在的强力低、耐热耐碱性差问题,本文采用扫描电子显微镜、短纤强力仪对ECDP纤维进行测试和表征,讨论了热处理和碱处理工艺条件对ECDP纤维表面形态和力学性能的影响,通过实验得出了ECDP纤维合适的热处理和碱处理的工艺条件。结果表明:酯型ECDP纤维比醚型ECDP纤维耐热性好;随热处理温度的升高,酯型和醚型ECDP纤维的断裂强度先增大后减小,断裂伸长率增大;纤维的10%定负荷伸长减小,纤维模量变化不大;酯型和醚型ECDP纤维在170~180℃下处理10 min,既能保证纤维具有较好的定型效果又具有优良的弹性;醚型ECDP纤维经碱处理后,表面形成明显的刻蚀和凹坑,强度和断裂伸长率降低,碱处理温度不宜超过85℃,碱浓度最好低于7.5 g/L,碱处理时间控制在45 min以内。

According to the problems existing in the actual development and production of atmospheric cationic dyeable polyester fiber(ECDP),the ECDP fiber were tested and characterized by scanning electron microscope and short fiber strength tester.The effects of heat treatment and alkali treatment on the surface morphology and mechanical properties of ECDP fiber were discussed.The appropriate heat treatment and alkali treatment conditions of ECDP fiber were obtained through experiments.The results showed that the heat resistance of ester ECDP fiber was better than that of ether ECDP fiber.With the increase of heat treatment temperature,the breaking strength of ester and ether ECDP fiber first increased and then decreased and the elongation at break increased.With the elongation at 10%constant load of ECDP fiber decreasing,the fiber modulus had little change.Ester and ether ECDP fiber could be treated at 170~180℃for 10 min,which could ensure good setting effect and good elasticity.After alkali treatment,obvious etching and pits were formed on the surface of ether ECDP fiber,and the strength and elongation at break were reduced.The alkali treatment temperature should not exceed 85℃,the alkali concentration should be lower than 7.5 g/l,and the time should be controlled within 45 min.