明代辽东官员与朝鲜使臣的交往

Contact between Officials in Eastern Liaoning of Ming Dynasty and Joseon Envoys

从明代各时期辽东地方官员与朝鲜使臣间的交往特征以及双方在朝贡仪程中的具体表现看,辽东地方官员与朝鲜使臣对维系朝贡体系健康发展发挥了重要作用。明朝前期,辽东官员为巩固初建的宗藩关系,集中力量扫除故元势力,努力与朝鲜使臣构建亲密的交往模式;明代中期,朝贡体系下的中朝关系成熟稳定,各项制度已趋完善,辽东官员只需按部就班践行朝贡仪程,就可以确保边臣与使臣交往的规范性;但在明朝后期,辽东边将贪暴,官吏肆意盘剥,朝鲜使臣行至辽东时深受侵渔之苦,虽然"典型朝贡关系"的框架犹在,但重仪程、轻实效的交往模式一定程度上削弱了彼此间的紧密联系,给后来出兵平倭造成巨大损失。

From the characteristics of the contact between the officials in Eastern Liaoning of the Ming Dynasty and the Joseon envoys,as well as the specific performance of the two sides in the tributary process,it can be seen that they played an important role in maintaining the healthy development of the tributary system. In order to consolidate the relationship between suzerain-vassal state and feudal state,the local officials of the Ming Dynasty concentrated their efforts to eliminate the power of the Yuan Dynasty and tried to build an intimate communication mode with the Joseon envoys. In the middle of Ming Dynasty,the relationship between China and Korea under the tributary system was mature and stable,and various systems had been perfected. The officials of the Ming Dyansty could ensure the normalization of the communication between border ministers and envoys only by following the step-by-step tributary procedures. However,in late the Ming Dynasty,Joseon envoys suffered a lot from the corruption of the officials in Eastern Liaoning. As a result,although the framework of"typical tributary relationship"was still in place,the communication mode that attached great importance to ceremonial procedure rather than practical effect weakened the close relationship between them to some extent,and caused huge losses in the war against the Japanese pirates.