引戏色源于引舞考

Research on the Origin of Lead Performer from Lead Dancer

隋初统一全国后重修先王之乐,其中一项便是规定太常文武二舞引舞执器及服装,这一制度在唐五代宋一直被沿袭。宋代教坊胡部,仿照太常也设有引舞一脚。因早期杂戏以歌舞戏为主,且经常和队舞一起供盏演出,所以宋杂剧便承袭了队舞的引舞一脚。而南宋孝宗后省罢队舞,杂剧得以独立供盏,引舞色便自然过渡为引戏色。引戏色并非竹竿子,而是一个礼仪性的脚色,所以在此后剧本中并没有多少遗留。

The Sui Dynasty took measures to revise the previous music system after the country was reunited,one of which was to stipulate the lead dancer’s props and costumes of Wenwu and Wuwu prescribed by Taichang,and it has been followed in the Tang Dynasty,Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms,and Song Dynasty. The Hu branch of music institution in Song Dynasty imitated the rule of Taichang and set up a role of lead dancer. Since the early Zaju mainly consisted of singing and dancing,and they often performed together with team dances,the Zaju in Song Dynasty inherited the tradition of lead dancer from team dances. In the Southern Song Dynasty,Emperor Xiaozong abolished team dances,and Zaju was able to perform independently,and the lead dancer naturally transformed into the lead performer. The lead performer is not a host,but a ceremonial role,so there has been not much left in the latter dramas since then.