民间舞蹈创作与原真性——新中国蒙古族舞蹈创作七十年的形象、观念与美学

Chinese Folk Dance Creation and Issues of Authenticity:An Exploration of the Form,Choreographic Concept and Aesthetics of Chinese Mongolian Dance in the Past 70 Years

20世纪五六十年代,舞蹈创作中诞生了全民性的"新中国"身体想象方式,也确立了公共文化记忆中强势的地方性(蒙古族)民族舞蹈风格。在此之后的七十年间,不同时期的里程碑作品曾多次从不同身体审美要素上对这种稳定的民族形象进行嬗变,使之内在地符合新时代人们的生命状态。文章以王玫作品《独树》为探讨契机,展开关于传统风格确认与当代艺术转型、舞台民间舞蹈创作与原真性、集体记忆与个人创作等观念问题的辨析。其中"合法的蒙古族舞蹈""原真的蒙古族舞蹈"两部分侧重梳理新中国蒙古族舞蹈创作视觉生产的史学框架,并引入苏联莫伊谢耶夫舞蹈团的审美范式进行创作属性的比照;"冒犯的蒙古族舞蹈"和"时代的蒙古族舞蹈"两部分则对王玫作品《独树》进行深入的舞蹈形式分析,并对其作为全球当代艺术共时进程中的美学意义进行判断。在与美国舞蹈学者针对中国当代民间舞蹈创作差异性的观念辨识中,显影中国舞蹈家的当代艺术思想及身体策略。

The 1950 s and 1960 s witnessed the birth of a nation-wide re-imagining of a new body culture reflective of the "new China,"which led to the establishment of strong local dance styles( such as Mongolian dance) in public cultural memory. In the seventy years that followed,milestone dance productions during different periods of time have destabilized a fixed notion of ethnic images through different constructions of the body. These works represent people’s lived experiences in the new era. This paper uses Wang Mei’s new work Du Shu as a case study to explore a series of topics including the establishment of traditional styles in relation to the shifts towards contemporary art,folk dance creation on stage in relation to its authenticity,collective memory in relation to individual creativity,etc. In the two sections,"Legitimate Mongolian Dance " and "Authentic Mongolian Dance," the paper historicizes the visual production of Mongolian dance creation in the new China. The paper also conducts a comparative analysis between these productions with works by Soviet Dance Company: The Igor Moiseyev Dance Company. In the next two sections,"Offensive Mongolian Dance"and"Contemporary Mongolian Dance,"the paper provides a close choreographic analysis of Wang Mei’s work Du Shu,situating the aesthetic significance of her works in the context of the global contemporary art scene. Through a comparative discussion with American dance scholars’ understanding of Chinese contemporary folk dance,the paper highlights the contemporary art philosophy and body strategies explored by Chinese choreographers.